Social Programs for the Elderly - 1696 Words

Prior to 1935 there were no social programs in America for the elderly, and those that were not able to work. Those who were unable to work relied on friends and family or local charity for help. (Quadagno, 2014) pg 95. During the Depression in the 1930’s, banks failed and many people lost their savings and retirement money. Many older workers especially were let go from their jobs and unemployment among people over 45 years was high. Unemployment was about 25 percent for all workers and 37% for all non-farm workers. (Smiley, 2008). President Franklin D. Roosevelt saw a need for a national system to help the elderly and disabled. He created a Committee of Economic Security. This committee was assigned to study this need in more detail. In, January 1935 a report was sent to Roosevelt outlining a program which became the Social Security Act. The Social Security Act was sent to Congress and was passed in to law on August 14, 1935. (King T, 2006) This new law would provide a mon thly benefit or payment to people over the age of 65 and who were no longer working. The benefit would be paid when workers retired. The money would be collected from a person through a â€Å"payroll deduction†; so the amount a person would receive at retirement would be bases on the amount that had been collected throughout the years. The payroll deduction was 2% combined between the employee and employer. (Anders Hulse, 2006). The Social Security Act also would provide unemployment insurance, aid toShow MoreRelatedShould The United States Raise The Age For Social Security1616 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Age for Social Security Payouts? Currently, the United States is contemplating at a forthcoming Social Security crisis. If changes are not forged, the Social Security system will not be able to keep up with the demanded payouts and is estimated to empty the trust fund around the year 2037. In this paper I will review a brief history of the Social Security program, touch upon the eligibility requirements, discuss what economists believe about the future of the Social Security Program, and finallyRead MoreThe Increase Life Expectancy Has Created A Larger Population Of The Elderly972 Words   |  4 Pageslife expectancy has created a larger population of the elderly, which is a significant demographic change that the U.S. has begun to experience. It is projected that the increase in the life expectancy will continue to impact the amplified growth of the elderly population in the future. The increased elderly population, has created a need for the U.S. to implement policies that support and meet the developing number o f diverse needs the elderly population will require in order to age well. The lifeRead MorePublic Policy and Stakeholders840 Words   |  3 PagesStakeholders have an imperative role in public policy. They hold an interest in how a program is operating (266). They do not just apply to corporate America, but various places that people think of. They are present almost everywhere and everyone is stakeholder, whether it is a job, a school or in the government. A school could be a considered a program. A teacher is a stakeholder as teachers have an inducement to have high achieving in their classrooms because they could be denied tenure and theRead MoreDepression With Elderly Women1603 Words   |  7 Pages Depression with Elderly women Aremelder Johnson Steiner Leigh HDC 542 University of Illinois in Springfield, Illinois What do we still need to know about your vulnerable population and what programs address their needs? What programs and policies are needed? Social and demographic trends are making information and assistance services increasingly important to the average American family. Americans live longer and require more help to cope with chronic conditionsRead MoreNutrition And The Home Bound Elderly1394 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition and the Home Bound Elderly The provision of nutrition services is critical to all individuals as it ensures the access to healthy food as well as education on proper nutrition. However, the ill and the elderly have an increased need for nutrition services as this could facilitate disease management, improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Past studies and research have shown that nutritional support of the elderly and the ill could improve the quality of life in terms healthRead MoreFood Assistance Programs For Food Aid Programs1450 Words   |  6 Pagesimplement to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly. Food assistance programs can be a solution to address this problem. The importance of elders of having the appropriate foods for health and the struggles they have in acquiring these foods suggests that elderly food assistance programs might develop better ways of helping them obtained such foods (Wolfe et al., 2003). Food assistance program that exist currently is the Food Stamp Program. T his program provides benefits that can be used to purchaseRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Food Deserts And Food Insecurity Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Determinants of Food Deserts and Food Insecurity Diverse groups in American society are often the most marginalized and therefore the most vulnerable to issues that undermine the fair and uncomplicated pursuit of health and wellbeing. One of those issues is the lack of access to affordable healthy food and, in many cases, the inaccessibility to food in general. Areas where affordable and healthy foods are largely unavailable are called food deserts and the members of the diverse groupsRead MoreD2- Evaluate the Influence of Two Major Theories of Ageing on Health and Social Care Provision.900 Words   |  4 PagesHealth and social care level 3- Unit 4- D2- Evaluate the influence of two major theories of ageing on health and social care provision. During the aging process, the elderly may take different approaches to aging and may apply to different theories of aging such as the disengagement theory and the activity theory. All elderly individuals will deal with aging in different ways, they may wish to stay active or they may wish to disengage themselves due to depression or they may be unable to dealRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Vascular Dementia1510 Words   |  7 PagesDementia is a disease that is seen to be affecting many of our elderly population nowadays. Dementia patients show progressive symptoms, which become severe with age. Some of the symptoms include memory loss, difficulty performing intellectual activities and overall lose of cognition. There are many causes of dementia so therefore the prevalence rate of it is increasing yearly. Dementia can be caused due to genetic vulnerability such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), lifestyle choices and from other chronicRead MoreThe History Of Medicare And The Socia l Security Act1686 Words   |  7 PagesOn July 30, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed legislation creating the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The passage of Medicare and Medicaid had a storied history before it crushed the walls that had separated the federal government and the U.S. healthcare system. Historically, the prevailing thought of many Americans up until the 1920’s and 1930’s was that medical care was largely a private transaction between a medical practitioner and a patient. This doctor-patient relationship was sacred

Family the Foundation of a Strong Society - 1167 Words

Family: The Foundation of a Strong Society â€Å"We the people of the Unites States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity (The Preamble to the American Constitution). Of the five principles that are stated in the Preamble, one is fundamentally unique and that is to promote the general Welfare. The responsibility to promote the common good rests not just with the government, but with all citizens. Our Founding Fathers established all the rights in the Constitution not for the individual s gain, but for the common good. Marriage is important because it affirms what†¦show more content†¦However, marriage is justified by the many social and economic benefits for children, adults and society and is therefore a foundation of a strong society. American automobile executive, Lee Iacocca, sums it up, â€Å"The only rock I know that stays steady, the only institution I know that works is the family.† Works Cited Abortion Statistics. The Center for Bio-Ethical Reform. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. . Who s having abortions (marital status)? 64.4% of all abortions are performed on never-married women; Married women account for 18.4% of all abortions and divorced women obtain 9.4%. Carlson, Marcia J., and Mary E. Corcoran. Family Structure and Children s Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes. Journal of Marriage and Family 63.3 (2001): 779-92. Print. For example studies have shown that fathers that are involved in their child’s life produce children who have better emotional health, do better academically, and attain higher job status as adults. Henshaw, S. K. Unintended Pregnancy in the United States. Family Planning Perspectives 30.1 (1998): 24-29. Web. Most women getting abortions (83%) are unmarried; 67% have never married, and 16% are separated, divorced, or widowed. Married women are significantly less likely than unmarried women to resolve unintended pregnancies through abortion. Hojat, Mohammadreza. Satisfaction With Early Relationships With Parents and Psychosocial Attributes inShow MoreRelatedInternational Perspectives on Early Childhood Education1070 Words   |  4 Pagesapproach, Te Whà £riki and compare the New Zealand educational system to the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum of the United Kingdom. The essay will include reflection upon the similarities and differences of these approaches upon my settings practice. Today’s society has recognised that significant investment in early year’s provision has valuable long term effects on young children, families and the wider community. Cited in (Papatheodorou and Moyles, p1) As a result governmentRead MoreEssay on Why Marriage Matters1549 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage, a Backbone to Civilization Marriage matters. If marriage did not matter, would it even be considered when growing up? The common child at some point thinks about getting married and having children. Our society has gone through monumental shifts throughout its history. A theme that has not changed however, marriage, has survived through it all due to its importance. Our children and our health are two of the most important aspects of life. Marriage will help in both of those categoriesRead MoreNeo-Nazism Essay547 Words   |  3 Pages Neo-Nazism Nazism might seem a distant memory to some in the modern day, but it still bubbles beneath the surface of our so-called civilised and accepting society. Nazism is currently seeping to the face of our civilization but under a different guise - Patriotism. There are many organisations hiding under the same disguise, but very few are brave enough to declare themselves openly racist. Currently, the main political leaders in this field are the British Read MoreFamily Relations : The And Structure Of Society1263 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance in the value of family because it is the main foundation and structure of society itself. The superiority of group relationships, such as in a family, is what lots of people critic the excellence and pleasure of their lives. Families in American society believe that connectivity fosters success in the lives within a family. Family relations offer individuals a good judgment of comfort and therefore form faithfulness and accountability towards others. The average family has problems but can beRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibilities Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagescompany growth as a whole. When groups of people come together to form a small study group or a company, they are all able to accomplish something. They can achieve something small such as passing a test to something larger like, contributing to society. Investors use corporate performance evaluation to assess how well the company is doing over a period of time. In order to satisfy its investors, a company needs to be able to generate some profit. In order generate more profit; it is necessary forRead MorePolice Abuse And The Police1711 Words   |  7 Pageswith insulting people for no reason and escalate to police brutality since they never received a punishment to stop their behavior. â€Å"They want to deflect the focus of what’s going on. And they want to jam up the cop by making a complaint.† (Police Foundation) A survey done to police officers and those in higher ranks believe that citizens just file complaints against police officers as a way to be seen as a victim rather than an offender. If the authority believes this then complaints will not be takenRead MoreA Dolls House and Things Fall Apart Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesquietly by themselves, while the other is surrounded by the loving support of family and friends. When faced with challenges, many people seek to prove their strength by concealing their suffering. However, one can only carry so much pain and suffering on their own shoulders. Throughout society, these situations often appear in a person’s own life, and the lives of their family and friends. While this theme is visible in society, it is also evident throughout many works of literature. Within Henrik Ibsen’sRead MoreArranged Marriages869 Words   |  4 PagesArranged Marriages Within Modern Society Often times, the words arranged marriage evokes fear or even anger in one’s heart. For many people, especially those with a western mindset, the liberty to choose one’s own spouse remains utterly important and even a human right in our society today. While I strongly believe that every human owns the freedom to choose whether or not they want to marry someone, I also believe misconceptions form in some mind’s and in certain situations when the words, â€Å"arrangedRead MoreExposing The Weakness Of Confucianism1604 Words   |  7 Pageshelped shaped society during Ancient China from 551-479 B.C. A Chinese philosopher named Confucius developed the idea in hopes of eliminating China’s problem of disorder in society. The ideology of Confucianism helped Ancient China build a foundation to establish institution and social order. Confucius intent was to create social harmony in society, and in order achieve social harmony; individuals must live by moral exampl es of superiority. This entailed unequal relationship in human society: the fatherRead MoreWhich Ideal of the Declaration of Independence Is the Most Important?699 Words   |  3 Pagesstatement of ideals about government, a long list of grievances against the British, and a Declaration of Independence from Great Britain. Yet the four ideals; consent of governed, Equality, Unalienable Rights, and the right to alter or abolish, are the foundation of our government. Equality is the most important and the reason our government is so successful to this day. Today our equal rights give us the same opportunities as our neighbors. We have the right to vote, get an education, the freedom of

Dr. Martin Luther Kings “I Have a Dream” Overview Free Essays

â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† continues to resonate with people all ever the world. These are the reasons why: 1 . We’re getting there, but the work is far from done People of all races still strive for equality. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr. Martin Luther Kings â€Å"I Have a Dream† Overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now As far as we’ve come, we still have a long way to go. The speech never gets old, instilling in us the powerful idea of brotherhood and that as diverse as we are, we are one. 2. A lesson In leadership Through his words, MILK Jar. Gave voice to the voiceless. Through his deeds he gave courage to the faint of heart. Through it all, he taught us the power of love and humanity. . We yearn for unwavering examples of human integrity MILK Jar. Endured the humiliation of arrest, the loneliness of a prison cell, and constant threats to his life which was ultimately sacrificed. In an era of false heroes and the all-too-common occurrence of being let down by those we once held In high esteem, we need people to look up to, to aspire to be and who make us say, â€Å"l want to be Like them!. † 4. Motivation to Inspire others The way King went about affecting change is a leadership and linguistic lesson in how to move mountains. The speech is one of the greatest examples of what we can do when we act on our hearts, and it gave us a benchmark to strive for: a country that acts on its own ideals and measures itself against how it treats its least fortunate. 5. A shining example of how one person can move others to action The speech reinforces that change begins with us and that any one of us can help transform the world. Martin Luther King, Jar. , one man, did nothing less than Inspire a nation to transform itself and begin living up to the meaning of its creed. 6. Economic injustices still exist Much is said about today’s economic â€Å"winners and losers. MILK,Jar. Deplored the idea that businesses should exploit workers by failing to pay a decent wage or laying off dedicated employees to squeeze more profits. Today’s Occupy Wall Street Movement Is one example of Just how passionate people still are about these Issues. 7. We have large-scale unemployment King believed human dignity could be re stored with federal works programs that trained and placed unemployed workers. This thinking still informs our current dilemma about what it will take to restore people’s livelihoods and dignity amidst the longest, deepest, global recession in a generations. . A reminder to serve others We too can strive to be better, serving our nation and our fellow brothers. It Is easy to implicated society. Martin Luther King, Jar. Inspired us to reach out to others in greater need. 9. Serves as a powerful presentation to our children about prejudice The speech is an influential classroom tool that still resonates with children today. Kids aren’t huge fans of black and white video clips, but it doesn’t take long for the magnificent words and charisma of King to transcend the limitations of any media. 0. We require reminders that make us look into our souls The United States believes it is a land in which strength is defined not simply by the capacity to wage war but by the d etermination to forge peace. The speech forces us to face these ideals and is still helpful today as we look in the mirror to determine if we like what we see. 11. It helps the rest of the world fight discrimination Fighting for what is right and Just are basic human impulses, yet oftentimes they are difficult to act on. The world has a long way to go before eradicating racial hatred, discrimination, segregation and ethnic strife. Anything that inspires people to action is a plus, let alone such a shining example as the â€Å"l Have a Dream† speech. 12. Powerfully reinforces the notion that progress is possible It is so easy to become assassinated, discouraged, disengaged and even depressed with the state of affairs in our society, our government and our world. Voter apathy is rampant. We need the â€Å"l Have a Dream Speech† to remind us of our better selves and all that we still aspire to be. Correct Scott King said â€Å"all Americans who believe in freedom, tolerance and human rights have a responsibility to oppose bigotry and prejudice,† including against sexual orientation. She institutionalized Martin Luther King’s â€Å"philosophy, his principles of nonviolence and his methodology of social change,† and helped push it forward. These worthy causes still exist today. Progress is being made, but it is up to each one of us to carry them forward, no matter how small or how large the gestures. We are busy, time is short and for most of us, the daily challenges are great. But we all must do our part. Why does Martin Luther King Jar have a holiday? Doctor King led the civil rights movement in the US. Taking his philosophy from Gandhi, he determined that the movement would be nonviolent†¦ At least from the point of the African American point. You see, in those times the Jim Crow laws were in effect. Schools were black and white, bus stops were segregated, even drinking fountains were labeled â€Å"white† and â€Å"colored†. While the Civil War had officially ended slavery, the black citizens were treated as second class citizens. They had to pay to vote, get up on a bus when a white passenger wanted their seat, wait to eat if there were not enough seats labeled â€Å"colored† at a lunch counter, in essence they were still treated as slaves. In the US, the laws had changed, but the attitudes had not. There was a small minority who still thought that people of color were not equal. They had been slaves, were stupid, and did not deserve the rights that white people had. Of the other people, most Just never thought about it. They lived their lives and didn’t think about how the black person felt trying to raise his/her family in dignity. Ere public and then pointed out that these people were war heroes, entertainers, and public servants. In short, he made white people face the very real fact that they were no better or worse than the African Americans and that they needed to change the laws†¦ And attitudes. It was a very troubling time in the US. There was news coverage from the national televi sion services showing peaceful African Americans protesting and being attacked by the police with water cannon, dogs, and the police themselves. We saw the footage from Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and were outraged. When Dry. King was assassinated, the country was shocked and dismayed. Laws were changed in short order, and the nation became more aware how it treated it’s citizens. Some short years later, the unofficial celebration of Dry. King’s birthday became a national holiday. The reason is that his was the most influential contribution to civil rights in the US in the 20th century. We remember his contributions on that day, and celebrate the man ho had the courage to speak out against laws which made second class citizens of a large minority of US citizens. Thoughts: In this persuasive speech which may be the best speech ever given. There are so many powerful points. The two things that stick out to me the most are the quotes â€Å"l have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be Judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. † Also, the quote â€Å"And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able o speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to Join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, â€Å"Free at last! Ere at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! † (Martin Luther King Jar. ) The pure eulogy, rhetorical use, intellectuality, and genuine thoughts were conveyed in such a way throughout the speech that a person could not help, but take notice and be at the mercy of the history that was made that day. Dry . King said they were going to cash a check. This was not a check in the literal means, but the metaphorical representation of something that was promised to them, and that promise was not fulfilled. How to cite Dr. Martin Luther Kings â€Å"I Have a Dream† Overview, Papers

Importance of the Marketing Mix free essay sample

Introduction The term â€Å"marketing mix† was introduced by Neil Borden in his 1964 article â€Å"The Concept of the Marketing Mix†. Borden’s (1964) original marketing mix was a list of 12 elements that make up a marketing programme. McCarthy (1964) refined Borden’s list and reduced Borden’s 12 elements to four Ps: product, price, place and promotion. In addition, McCarthy (1964) defined the marketing mix as â€Å"a combination of all the factors at a marketing manager’s command to satisfy the target market† (Groucutt, Leadly and Forsyth, 2004: 17). For Grà ¶nroos (1994), the four Ps has become â€Å"the universal marketing model or even theory and an almost totally dominating paradigm for most academics†. In recent years, the concept of the four Ps has been faced with a lot of criticism due to its oversimplification (Lauterborn, 1990; Waterschoot van der Bulte, 1992; Kotler, 1984; Gummesson, 1997). The purpose of this essay will be to an alyse critically the four Ps of the marketing framework in view of its usefulness. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of the Marketing Mix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. The marketing mix framework Marketing is a broad and complex subject (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006). Therefore a model is needed which reflects the complex subject in a simplified form by mapping the essential elements and their relationships to each other, thus used for description, explanation and design in practice. This is achieved by the four Ps of the marketing concept. One of the main reasons why the framework has been extremely influential in marketing theory and practice is because of its simplicity and easy understanding (Grà ¶nroos, 1994). Nowadays, successful companies like â€Å"Diesel† rely on the marketing concept and underpin its utility (The Times 100, 2010). 2. Criticism of the four Ps of Marketing Borden’s (1964) intention was not to create a fixed framework. Quite the contrary, he assumed that others might build a different mix. But in fact, when comparing McCarthy’s (1964) four Ps with Borden’s (1964) 12 elements on theoretical base, it appears to be too limited. First of all it looks as if the concept of the four Ps focuses too much on product instead of customer. Dixon and Blois (1983, cited in Grà ¶nroos, 1994: 6) states: â€Å"The views implicit in the four P approach is that the customer is somebody to whom  something is done!†. This suggests, that the marketing mix rather manipulate than identify and satisfy customer needs. For Grà ¶nroos (1994), due to increasing globalization and competition, customer relationship and retention are essential elements of 21st century marketing. Essentially, it appears that the four Ps contain no personalized relationships between seller and customer. That leads to another problem, particularly in the fi elds of industrial and service marketing. The four Ps of the marketing concept seems to be orientated towards consumer goods and therefore it might fit well. But in industrial marketing, where the focus is on buyer-seller relationships and not products, the four Ps are not enough because of its lack of personal contacts (Webster, 1984 cited in Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995: 4). Industrial Marketing requires more coordination between buyer and seller due to its product and buying process complexity (Webster, 1984 cited in Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995: 4). Another sector, where the four Ps reaches its limits, is the growing service based economy. Services are quite different from consumer goods, because of their intangibility. Furthermore it is difficult to compare quality of related services and to set the right price. Thus, the four Ps appear inadequate and need to be modified for services and also extended (Booms Bitner, 1981, cited in Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995:6) 3. The seven Ps of service marketing Booms and Bitner (1981) developed a new framework, the seven Ps mix, by adding three elements to the traditional four Ps: participants, physical evidence and processes (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995). Participants in the Booms and Bitner (1981) framework are all people who are involved in the consumption of a service. The staff for example, plays a major role to guarantee quality and gives a service additional value. Physical evidence covers the environment in which the service is delivered (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995). It is important that services are made tangible for customers to determine the quality. Process is important to ensure that the consumer understands getting a service (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995). However, critics could argue that the additional three Ps are not necessary and could be assimilated into the four Ps of the marketing mix concept. But in fact it is essential to separate them from the basic four Ps, to highlight their importance (Bitner, 1990, cited in Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995: 7). Table 1 shows  the strengths and weaknesses of the two frameworks, according to a survey by Rafiq and Ahmed (1995). Table 1: Strengths and weaknesses of the 4Ps and 7Ps (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995: 13) modified by David Boersig The figure shows that the seven Ps provide some advantages to the four Ps and it is a good extension that should kept in mind. The results of the survey by Rafiq and Ahmed (1995) suggest that there might be a need for change towards the seven Ps framework. In any case, it is important that the Ps are not being seen as individual categories. The whole marketing concept must be internally coherent and each company will have to develop their individual marketing mix that creates competitive edge (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006). Conclusion The four Ps simplifies the complexity of marketing and has become influential in both theory and practice. However, it is important to remember that the marketing mix is a model and cannot include everything. The marketing mix  should not be seen as a fix. Today, in a changing world, the marketing mix has to be flexible and up to date. A company that is too much product focused and ignore customer needs, will get left behind by competitors. Nevertheless, in service marketing, the four Ps of the marketing concept reach its limits. The seven Ps framework of Booms and Bitner (1981) provide an appropriate extension to them. Finally, regardless of what the critics think about the four Ps framework, there is one thing that marketing can never be: Perfect. Importance of the Marketing Mix free essay sample Introduction The term â€Å"marketing mix† was introduced by Neil Borden in his 1964 article â€Å"The Concept of the Marketing Mix†. Borden’s (1964) original marketing mix was a list of 12 elements that make up a marketing programme. McCarthy (1964) refined Borden’s list and reduced Borden’s 12 elements to four Ps: product, price, place and promotion. In addition, McCarthy (1964) defined the marketing mix as â€Å"a combination of all the factors at a marketing manager’s command to satisfy the target market† (Groucutt, Leadly and Forsyth, 2004: 17). For Grà ¶nroos (1994), the four Ps has become â€Å"the universal marketing model or even theory and an almost totally dominating paradigm for most academics†. In recent years, the concept of the four Ps has been faced with a lot of criticism due to its oversimplification (Lauterborn, 1990; Waterschoot van der Bulte, 1992; Kotler, 1984; Gummesson, 1997). The purpose of this essay will be to analyse critically the four Ps of the marketing framework in view of its usefulness. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of the Marketing Mix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. The marketing mix framework Marketing is a broad and complex subject (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006). Therefore a model is needed which reflects the complex subject in a simplified form by mapping the essential elements and their relationships to each other, thus used for description, explanation and design in practice. This is achieved by the four Ps of the marketing concept. One of the main reasons why the framework has been extremely influential in marketing theory and practice is because of its simplicity and easy understanding (Grà ¶nroos, 1994). Nowadays, successful companies like â€Å"Diesel† rely on the marketing concept and underpin its utility (The Times 100, 2010). 2. Criticism of the four Ps of Marketing Borden’s (1964) intention was not to create a fixed framework. Quite the contrary, he assumed that others might build a different mix. But in fact, when comparing McCarthy’s (1964) four Ps with Borden’s (1964) 12 elements on theoretical base, it appears to be too limited. First of all it looks as if the concept of the four Ps focuses too much on product instead of customer. Dixon and Blois (1983, cited in Grà ¶nroos, 1994: 6) states: â€Å"The views implicit in the four P approach is that the customer is somebody to whom something is done!†. This suggests, that the marketing mix rather manipulate than identify and satisfy customer needs. For Grà ¶nroos (1994), due to increasing globalization and competition, customer relationship and retention are essential elements of 21st century marketing. Essentially, it appears that the four Ps contain no personalized relationships between seller and customer. That leads to another problem, particularly in the fields of industrial and service marketing. The four Ps of the marketing concept seems to be orientated towards consumer goods and therefore it might fit well. But in industrial marketing, where the focus is on buyer-seller relationships and not products, the four Ps are not enough because of its lack of personal contacts (Webster, 1984 cited in Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995: 4). Industrial Marketing requires more coordination between buyer and seller due to its product and buying process complexity (Webster, 1984 cited in Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995: 4). Another sector, where the four Ps reaches its limits, is the growing service based economy. Services are quite different from consumer goods, because of their intangibility. Furthermore it is difficult to compare quality of related services and to set the right price. Thus, the four Ps appear inadequate and need to be modified for services and also extended (Booms Bitner, 1981, cited in Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995:6) 3. The seven Ps of service marketing Booms and Bitner (1981) developed a new framework, the seven Ps mix, by adding three elements to the traditional four Ps: participants, physical evidence and processes (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995). Participants in the Booms and Bitner (1981) framework are all people who are involved in the consumption of a service. The staff for example, plays a major role to guarantee quality and gives a service additional value. Physical evidence covers the environment in which the service is delivered (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995). It is important that services are made tangible for customers to determine the quality. Process is important to ensure that the consumer understands getting a service (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995). However, critics could argue that the additional three Ps are not necessary and could be assimilated into the four Ps of the marketing mix concept. But in fact it is essential to separate them from the basic four Ps, to highlight their importance (Bitner, 1990, cited in Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995: 7). Table 1 shows the strengths and weaknesses of the two frameworks, according to a survey by Rafiq and Ahmed (1995). 7 Ps 4 Ps Strengths More comprehensive More refined Broader perspective Simplicity and ease of understanding Easy to memorize Good pedagogic tool, especially for introductory marketing Weaknesses More complicated Extra elements can be incorporated in 4Ps Controllability of the three new elements Too simple, not broad enough Service Relationship marketing Table 1: Strengths and weaknesses of the 4Ps and 7Ps (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995: 13) modified by David Boersig The figure shows that the seven Ps provide some advantages to the four Ps and it is a good extension that should kept in mind. The results of the survey by Rafiq and Ahmed (1995) suggest that there might be a need for change towards the seven Ps framework. In any case, it is important that the Ps are not being seen as individual categories. The whole marketing concept must be internally coherent and each company will have to develop their individual marketing mix that creates competitive edge (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006). Conclusion The four Ps simplifies the complexity of marketing and has become influential in both theory and practice. However, it is important to remember that the marketing mix is a model and cannot include everything. The marketing mix should not be seen as a fix. Today, in a changing world, the marketing mix has to be flexible and up to date. A company that is too much product focused and ignore customer needs, will get left behind by competitors. Nevertheless, in service marketing, the four Ps of the marketing concept reach its limits. The seven Ps framework of Booms and Bitner (1981) provide an appropriate extension to them. Finally, regardless of what the critics think about the four Ps framework, there is one thing that marketing can never be: Perfect.

The Popularity of Social Networking Sites Essay Example For Students

The Popularity of Social Networking Sites Essay The Popularity of Social Networking Sites In recent years, social networking sites have rapidly gained popularity among people at all ages. A large number of people have registered and become members of some social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Wechat. Also, people spend a lot of time on these sites chatting, playing games, and making friends. Social networking sites have become a part of people’s life. However, what accounts for the popularity of these sites? As far as I’m concerned, this phenomenon, which social networking sites are very popular nowadays, is caused by three important reasons. First of all, copycat effect leads to the popularity of social networking sites. Copycat effect is a well-known psychological phenomenon, and most of people have this mentality. When they notice that people around them are using different social networking sites, they may feel that they don’t follow the trend. They may even don’t know these sites before, and then they go to register an account. When they begin using social networking sites, lots of their friends will be affected and follow the trend. For example, my friend, Jun, didn’t download any social networking apps before. When she found that all her friends were having fun in social networking apps, she began using these apps and was addicted to them. Therefore, copycat effect causes social networking sites become more widely used. Second, with the development of the network, social networking sites are very convenient to access, which is an important reason for their popularity. The number of Internet users has increased with improved Internet technology, which is beneficial for promotin. .ending much time on social networking sites affects people’s work and study, and people will become more and more isolated from their friends in real life. We will write a custom essay on The Popularity of Social Networking Sites specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Moreover, it is difficult to protect users’ privacy on social networking sites, so it may result in the risk of revealing person details.All in all, the popularity of social networking sites depends on copycat effect during people, convenience in themselves, and their good functions. When social networking sites are becoming an important part of people’s life, people should learn to make the most of these sites instead of wasting time. In other words, people are supposed to use social networking sites temperately but not be addicted to them. It is unwise to let the normal life of people be influenced by these sites. Remember that social networking sites are the joys of the life, but they are not all of the life.

How to Calculate the Variance of a Poisson Distribution

How to Calculate the Variance of a Poisson Distribution The variance of a distribution of a random variable is an important feature. This number indicates the spread of a distribution, and it is found by squaring the standard deviation. One commonly used discrete distribution is that of the Poisson distribution. We will see how to calculate the variance of the Poisson distribution with parameter ÃŽ ». The Poisson Distribution Poisson distributions are used when we have a continuum of some sort and are counting discrete changes within this continuum. This occurs when we consider the number of people who arrive at a movie ticket counter in the course of an hour, keep track of the number of cars traveling through an intersection with a four-way stop or count the number of flaws occurring in a length of wire. If we make a few clarifying assumptions in these scenarios, then these situations match the conditions for a Poisson process. We then say that the random variable, which counts the number of changes, has a Poisson distribution. The Poisson distribution actually refers to an infinite family of distributions. These distributions come equipped with a single parameter ÃŽ ». The parameter is a positive real number that is closely related to the expected number of changes observed in the continuum. Furthermore, we will see that this parameter is equal to not only the mean of the distribution but also the variance of the distribution. The probability mass function for a Poisson distribution is given by: f(x) (ÃŽ »x e-ÃŽ »)/x! In this expression, the letter e is a number and is the mathematical constant with a value approximately equal to 2.718281828. The variable x can be any nonnegative integer. Calculating the Variance To calculate the mean of a Poisson distribution, we use this distributions moment generating function. We see that: M( t ) E[etX] ÃŽ £ etXf( x) ÃŽ £etX ÃŽ »x e-ÃŽ »)/x! We now recall the Maclaurin series for eu. Since any derivative of the function eu is eu, all of these derivatives evaluated at zero give us 1. The result is the series eu ÃŽ £ un/n!. By use of the Maclaurin series for eu, we can express the moment generating function not as a series, but in a closed form. We combine all terms with the exponent of x. Thus M(t) eÃŽ »(et - 1). We now find the variance by taking the second derivative of M and evaluating this at zero. Since M’(t) ÃŽ »etM(t), we use the product rule to calculate the second derivative: M’’(t)ÃŽ »2e2tM’(t) ÃŽ »etM(t) We evaluate this at zero and find that M’’(0) ÃŽ »2 ÃŽ ». We then use the fact that M’(0) ÃŽ » to calculate the variance. Var(X) ÃŽ »2 ÃŽ » – (ÃŽ »)2 ÃŽ ». This shows that the parameter ÃŽ » is not only the mean of the Poisson distribution but is also its variance.

Daoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Daoism - Essay Example This may be because, since all other religious beliefs are exotic, Taoism is the only religion that the China inhabitants believe to be indigenous. Therefore, this document critically analyzes Daoism, its theoretical, practical, and social approach one of the world religions. Daoism (also called Taoism) is a religious belief whose origin comes from the Chinese traditions. Joachim Wach explained that there are three ways in which a belief qualifies to be named a religion (Kirkland 165). A religion must have its theoretical aspect. This means that it ought to have various verbal beliefs, to which the followers strongly adhere. Daoism accentuates veneration of the ancestral spirits and immortality of some beings in their religion. Taoism believes on the freedom of humanity from conformist limitations. Moreover, Taoism obtains its teaching from Lao-tze, an ancient philosopher who the followers deem to have established the first Taoism temple. However, the Taoism followers commonly consid er the history about Lao-tze as legendary; and they still keep up with his teachings from the earlier writings. Scholars believe Taoism to be mythological. In this sense, some critics claim their belief about immortality to be mythical. In addition, it highlights the story of a certain prince, who practiced Taoism in a deserted mountain until he became a supernatural and consequently an immortal being (Kirkland 166). The Taoists believe that a certain man, believed to be the true man, will come to the world in the end, and end chaos, bringing peace to the world. Additionally, the Taoists believe that Tao (the way) is the main guiding rule of their values and mannerisms (Ede 21). Moreover, Taoists believe in a hierarchy of gods and eternals. There is also the practical aspect of Daoism. Taoist believers practice various rituals. Taoists believe in achieving immortality through practicing the Tao values, both within and outside the bodily being. The Taos internal practices entail phys ical Tao exercises, which include breathing, intense meditation, and refinement of the inner elixir. Besides, the central objective of these activities is to improve oneself, spiritually and bodily. Tao also teaches external practices that involve being responsible in exemplary actions such as helping one another. Tao believers must strive to achieve these values by earnestly practicing both the internal and external activities, since they believe that the reward is to acquire the immortal nature. Additionally, the Tao followers practice martial arts, most commonly known as Kung fu (Ede 22). Besides, the Tao followers also have their own scriptures that they read and follow. This manuscript comes in diverse components. They refer these components as the Canon or the Daozang. They are arranged in the order of age, the earliest being the Tang Dynasty. The succeeding ones include versions compiled during the dynasties of Song, Jin, Yuan, and Ming. There are two distinct Tao sects. The two sects are the Zhengyi and the Quanzhen, with the Zhengyi being the most popular within the Chinese communities. However, these sects are similar in their fundamental Tao beliefs. They only have slight disparities in their norms and regulations. The Quanzhens are stricter in their regulations as opposed to their Zhengyi counterparts, since they practice a strict vegetarian diet and are celibate, spending their entire lives in the

Mandarin Oriental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mandarin Oriental - Essay Example The company begun when it is opened its flagship property in Hong Kong in 1963. The property was known as The Mandarin and developed into a luxurious and reputable hotel. The Mandarin International hotels were formed in 1974. The group intended to spread to the entire Asia (Kotler & Bowen 2006). The strategy was to maintain or expand the standards that had been set by the pioneer branch at Hong Kong (Smith 2010). The company expanded further and acquired property in Bangkok. The Oriental property, which was already a legendary property, was acquired from Bangkok. The management had to facilitate the merger of two strong brands to come up with Mandarin Oriental in the year 1985. From 1990, the company expanded globally and now operation in many countries (Kotler & Bowen 2006). When MOHG was launched the company publicly in Hong Kong stock exchange, there was a need for the company come up with a symbol that represented the image of the company’s elegance (Smith 2010). The elega nce of the symbol would become crucial in representing the image and the charm of the group (Hiebing &Cooper 2004). The company came up with a logo through a recognized design house called Pentagram (Thompson & Martin 2005). The logo took the design of a fan. It is one of the most recognized logos in the world when it comes to the tourism industry (Thompson & Martin 2005). The company encourages all the Mandarin Oriental hotels to come up with their own unique fans to reflect their own individuality (Dobson & Starkey 1993). Each hotel is adjusted to the environment it is located and represents the goals of the company in the local environment. The company places value in originality and is keen to ensure that each branch established a connection with its local market (Smith 2010). Mission and vision The company has a vision of attaining acknowledgement as the world’s most excellent lodge grouping. It has an intention of satisfying and delight their customers (Kotler & Bowen 2 006). According to Ettdgui, the company aims at escalating the operational accommodation to 10,001. The company is committed to making difference continually (Kotler & Bowen 2006). The company aims at improving to maintain its market share and revenues. According to Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group (2009), the company is committed to making a difference through employee development programs. The mission demonstrates the uniqueness of the company in terms of its approach to the target market and to remain competitive. Objectives and the Future of MOHGs The company is targeting to understand the guest’s needs by paying attention to their requests and responding with accuracy and precision (Smith 2010). MOHG hopes to be able to deliver products and services that meet the customer expectations (Thompson & Martin 2005). The company is emphasizing on accountability and sharing of responsibility in order to achieve its goals in an atmosphere of teamwork (Dobson & Starkey 1993). The fut ure of the company as indicated its goals is to remain a market leader through training and career development (Hiebing &Cooper 2004). The company has an interest in surpassing the customer expectation through creating an experience (Dobson & Starkey 1993). The company has singled out creativity and innovation as prerequisites to remaining at the helm of the hotel and tourism industry in the world (Thompson & Marti

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 423

Assignment Example As much as this is a sad state, news organizations actually knew that the digital movement would come by some day and this should thus not appear shocking at all (Naquin, 2015). In that light, although news organizations may seek government’s help in making newspapers still viable, many are of the opinion that this will not be possible since they are now obsolete in nature (Naquin, 2015). In the course of gauging effectiveness or rather the impact of advertising campaigns over the internet, there are various challenges that managers face. One of the challenges is that the various digital channels possess different effectiveness and thus relying on one particular channel may give a false reflection of an advertisement’s impact (Fisher, 2012). Another challenge is that most marketers still rely upon the native metrics such as the click-through-rate or looking at page views over the internet to gauge success yet Agencies in the USA contend that such acts as the intent to buy or recalling of a brand are actually the most successful methods that one would use to gauge online success (Fisher, 2012). Therefore, if I were a manager I would rely upon sales metrics as the most efficient way of gauging efficiency of my campaigns and as well incorporate the traditional metrics so that I can have a 360 degree view of the performance (Fisher, 2012). Fisher, L. (2012).Quantifying Digital Brand Ad Effectiveness: Finding the Right Mix of Meaningful Metrics. e-Marketer.Retrieved from Naquin, C. (2015). â€Å"Newspapers: towards the end of the traditional  medium?† Culture Exchange. Retrieved from

Causes And Effects Of Plagiarism In Universities English Language Essay

Causes And Effects Of Plagiarism In Universities English Language Essay Problem of students plagiarism is one of the biggest hot issue in the field of our education and is becoming extensive for student around the world,especially the university student. Do you really understand the meaning of plagiarism? The word plagiarism is derived from the Latin phrase plagiarius which means kidnapper, thief, and plunderer. (Anna Michalska) And according to The Oxford advanced learners dictionary (6th edition) 2000, To copy another persons words or work and pretend that they are your own. I through the meaning looks like similar. It means to copy others ideas without any referencing; even a lot of college students use others ideas with the behaviours of just pasting. Many teacher and exporter hold the different points about academic cheating and debate the reasons for it. But in my opinion, Plagiarism is a wrong behaviour because it is unfair to the writer of the original passage, who really deserves the credit for the words and ideas; whats more, it is unfair to the students themselves because it is helpless for me to learn in my university. 2. THE FORMS OF PLAGIARISM IN THE ACADEMIC FIELD AND THE CHECKING SOFTWARE 2.1 THE FORMS OF PLAGIARISM IN THE ACADEMIC FIELD Plagiarism is a very serious issue which hits the education a lot, especially the university education. As the internet appears, the students have a lot of ways to get in touch with more information than ever before. And with the popularity of the Internet and the network resources is becoming richer, peoples work, life, entertainment become great convenience, but it also has caused a series of negative effects, such as the increasingly serious phenomenon of plagiarism. Although it is convenient for the students to copy and paste material into their assignments or reports and submits it for grading as their original work, it is really a big impact on both the education and the students themselves. The academic plagiarism is one of the hottest topics in the current academic circle and public opinion. Academic plagiarism involves a wide range of contents, some of which directly relate to intellectual property infringement, particularly in the area of academic plagiarism. From the persp ective of copyright law, academic plagiarism poses the hallmark of non-originality. Identification of academic plagiarism can be mastered from the prerequisite and substantial condition as well. The regulation of academic plagiarism shall be centred on the upgrading of legal system, and make the social atmosphere ashamed for academic plagiarism. In recent years, the plagiarism of academic paper has been found repeatedly, especially in the universities among the students and the teachers, which brought a serious influence to the society and the individuals. In order to prevent illegal copy of information resources and protect intellectual property, more and more countries has devote to the development of anti-plagiarism technology and have obtained some achievements, great curb plagiarism phenomenon happening. Rimer(2003) pointed out that in his investigation, 38% of participants said they had plagiarized from the Internet. Students who are doing plagiarism will lose enthusiasm of creation. They can hardly find a favourable position in the near future in the more competitive market duet to their lack of originality. Whats more, plagiarism will definitely hurt the originality-makers because it directly steals the originality-makers words and opinions. This kind of activity will lead to the decline of the creativity of this soc iety. There are some reasons why students plagiarize. First, when the students were at school, cause of laziness or convenience makes them choose to plagiarize. Second, under the examination-oriented education system, the pressure to get a good score causes the students to plagiarize so as to improve their papers. 2.2 THE CHECKING SOFTWARE-TURNITIN REPORT The test of plagiarism is whether you give a reasonable impression to an ordinary reader that the work is your own. Generally speaking, Turnitin report is the most important way to check and test the plagiarism. Turnitin report is a proper and scientific way to detect plagiarism. As a lot of researches have pointed out, recent years, Turnitin has gained so much attention as more and more institutions use it so as to combat plagiarism. And the Turnitin reports on the findings from a trial of Turnitin plagiarism detection software will show the resources where the students copy and paste. Therefore, to some extent, it is very scientific and proper software to combat the behaviour of copying. And the level of plagiarism highlighted by the Turnitin report can reflect the level of the essays to plagiarize. 3. THE REASONS FOR THE STUDENTS TO CHOOSE PLAGIARISM 3.1 SUBJECTIVE REASONS-LAZINESS, INDIFFERENCE AND SO ON A lot of causes suggested as aspects impacting student misconduct activity are student age, gender, academic level and course difficulty, and cultural background (Culwin, 2006). Cole, S. and D. Conklin (1996) and other academics have pointed out the consequences of plagiarism. For the university students, one of the most important skills students should form and develop in the university is the ability to manage their own independent researches. Having accumulated fundamental knowledge, students should develop themselves into thinking and inquiring people having the ability of developing their own judgments and explaining their original thoughts and opinions, both in the daily assignments and graduation dissertations. However, as we can see from the university students, laziness and the indifference of the students often appear in their researching. For the university students, the university life is the most creative time for the student to develop their own knowledge and deception cheating could be a serious stain on ones moral integrity(McCabe, D. 2003). So the subjective reasons of plagiarism are because of the students who did such kind of behaviours deliberately. After they enter the university, they feel a little lazy and they may not like to write their own assignment. Sometimes the feel the assignments are not important al all, especially the assignments of the optional courses. It may result in the consequences of plagiarism. The results are more serious than those plagiarists could think about. First of all, their personal credibility is completely destroyed. For another thing, without effective research experiences, one is unlikely to acquire depth of analyses or originality of insights, both of which are indispensible to ones career development, whether in corporate, government or academic organizations. Ultimately, the plagiarists themselves are to suffer. Meanwhile, a lot of measures could be made use of. Students need to enhance their moral principles and standards by realizing that plagiarism is not just an academic iss ue but a critical moral issue. And university authorities need to tighten disciplinary codes to leave no plagiarists unpunished. 3.2 OBJECTIVE REASONS-LACKING OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT REFERENCING AND WRITING So in the former discussion, we can see that plagiarism is the form of misconduct, and it has become a field of increasing worry for all of the academics in high education. Generally speaking, the procedures for the students to write the essays are as follows: (1) Analyze the issues and make sure the terms; (2) Research the topic and set up the points of view; (3) write the plan; (4) Search for the reliable resources and take notes, then organise your ideas; (4) Write the first draft, read it through and make changes; (5) Redraft the essays. But as we can see, we mentioned that a lot of students do not know the process of writing. It is my belief that first , the topic should be researched with the academic thoughts on the basis of the internet, the academic databases, and the library. From the process of preparing the paper, the students should take notes and immerse myself in the words of great thinkers. As the students have a good knowledge base, the students I start analyzing the arguments of the essays the students have read. Clearly define the claims, write out the reasons, the evidence. Look for weaknesses of logic, and also strengths. Learning how to write an essay begins by learning how to analyze essays written by others. Organizing and gathering the information of a paper is one of the most important parts for the process of writing the essay. Whether its personal observations or scientific facts, the students take notes to keep the evidence to back up my thesis statement and keep track of which facts come from which sources. As the writers research the topic, sometimes they may be a little careless about facts and claims that seem to disprove my thesis statement. It is a bad habit for the referencing. To be specific, when the students were doing this assignment, they may find that I have made some mistakes in the referencing and they do not know the basic process of writing, first, when the students were taking notes, sometimes they did not take all of the resources; second, after they completed the essay, they did not check the references and bibliography. They are the mistakes the students have made in referencing. 4. THE EFFECTS OF THE PLAGIARISM PROBLEMS IN UNIVERSITIES For the plagiarism problems in the universities, we can see that there are a lot of people who have made such kind of mistakes, both the university students and the university teachers. As the academy has developed, teachers seldom make such kind of mistakes, but for a lot of reasons, university students often plagiarize. As discussed above, students plagiarism happen in different forms, including incorrect citation and totally stealing someone elses achievements. Plagiarism also takes place from different sources. These sources consist of journals, books, the Internet, newspapers, and so on. Meanwhile, there are a lot of reasons why it is necessary for the universities to combat plagiarism among students. Plagiarism impacts not only the individual students but also the integrity of the universities and the quality of the creations. Therefore, it is important that each university crack down on this problem for its own sake and for the sake of the students. Also, apart from imparting academic knowledge to students, universities and colleges have a responsibility to impart moral and ethical values to students. Plagiarism is morally wrong; therefore, students should be discouraged from engaging in it. Alschuler and Blimling (1995) say that if plagiarism is not eliminated, then the problem is not with the individual students who commit the offence, but with institutions that support it. McCabe (1999) has ever pointed that the students should have the ideas that plagiarism is wrong and they should avoid it. It is important for all of the universities to pay special attention to the importance of this problem to students and address it (Wilson, 1999). Academic integrity should be a responsibility of all the stakeholders in education (Cole Conklin, 1996). First, the effect of plagiarism in universities is serious in the academic field and in their studying period. Plagiarism is a problem which broke the academic morality. Academic morality is to maintain the normal academic activities, and promoting the healthy development of academic career guarantee. The scholars must follow the academic ethics in scientific research activities, this involves academia image and dignity, involves the good development of scientific career. So if the students and teachers in the universities get in touch with plagiarism. Meanwhile, the aim of University education is to foster the students originality, the independent thinking and analysis, the power to express and convey your own ideas. So for the university students, if they choose to plagiarize, they choose to break the aim of the university education. Students who are doing plagiarism will lose enthusiasm of creation. They can hardly find a favorable position in the near future in the more competiti ve market duet to their lack of originality. Whats more, Plagiarism will definitely hurt the originality-makers. This kind of activity will lead to the decline of the creativity of this society. Therefore, For one thing, it is essential that corresponding regulations be worked out and enforced to ban this issue. For another, the students should enhance their awareness of the importance of honesty. Whats more, the faithful academic attitude should be promoted on campus. With the measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the problem will be solved in the near future. Second, the effect of plagiarism in universities is serious for the university students, especially for their development in the future. Plagiarism is prevalent today, particularly in the universities, with the development of Internet; its becoming easier to copy sources of others. Plagiarism is wrong because it is unfair to the student himself, who is not learning much when he or she just copies another persons writing. But sometimes, the reorganization of plagiarism is not so clear. In the universities, when the students were at school, cause of laziness or convenience, especially the pressure from parents, they must to get a high grade in the exam, so the shortcut was to plagiarize. Meanwhile, plagiarism can lead to a loss of integrity. Beyond that, plagiarism may cause a student to fail an assignment or courseor even suffer expulsion or the revocation of a degree. Students are in the competitive environment with each other for positions at the next levelcollege, graduate school or career. Plagiarists who are not found have an unfair advantage over their honest students. 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK As the paper has analyzed, the causes and problem of plagiarism is introduced, and the effects of the plagiarism are very serious. The standards for the plagiarism are very different from each, especially among different universities. For the students and the teachers, they should know the standard of the plagiarism, and take measures in order to avoid this problem, such as mentioning the way for referencing and the note-taking skills. So for the seriousness of the plagiarism, a lot of measures should be taken to avoid this issue. For one thing, it is essential that corresponding regulations be worked out and enforced to ban this issue, now, a lot of universities use the software to check the plagiarism, and if the plagiarism occurs, the students may be punished. For another, the students should enhance their awareness of the importance of honesty. Whats more, the faithful academic attitude should be promoted on campus. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe th at the problem will be solved in the near future. References list: Alschuler, A. S. Blimling, G. S. (1995). Curbing epidemic cheating through systemic change. College Teaching, 43 (4), 123-126. Anna Michalska ¼Ã…’  ¼Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¸Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¸Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Student Plagiarism and National Differences across Europe http://www.plagiarismadvice.org/documents/conference2012/finalpapers/Michalska_fullpaper.pdf Cole, S. and D. Conklin (1996). Academic integrity policies and procedures: Opportunities to teach students about moral leadership and personal ethics. The College Student Affairs Journal, 15 (2), 30-39. Culwin, F. (2006). An active introduction to academic misconduct and the measured demographics of misconduct. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(2), 167-182. McCabe, D. (2003). Academic dishonesty survey study. Unpublished study, Rutgers University. Rimer, S. (2003, September 3). A Campus fad thats being copied: Internet plagiarism. The New York Times. Retrieved January 10, 2007,from http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/cpurrin1/plagiarism/docs/Plagiarism_on_campus_NYT_.pdf Wilson, R. (1999, October 15). Colleges urged to better define academic integrity and to stress its importance. Chronicle of Higher Education, A 18.

The Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Character of Iago in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No one has ever failed to appreciate the skilled art with which Shakespeare has defined the characters of his plays; great and small alike, their distinctiveness, their dignity, their misery, and their integrity are captured and displayed.   In particular the depiction of certain characters in Othello have been universally acclaimed.   Identified by many scholars as one of Shakespeare "great" tragedies, along with Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear, Othello follows a traditional tragic pattern, tracing the central character's fall from greatness and bringing together qualities of nobility with choices that lead to inevitable suffering. Othello is also one of Shakespeare's most emotionally compelling plays. The drive, with which the devastating series of events disentangle, creates a breathless sense of muddled chaos that mesmerizes viewers almost as much as it propels the characters.   In the course of Othello, we are exposed to a dramatic concepti on of Iago.   The evil contained within Othello is by no means paranormal or mythical, yet is represented by the character Iago and his voracious desire for revenge and constant deception.   Iago is disloyal, shrewd, and egotistical.   He uses these traits to his advantage by slowly planning his own conquest while watching the demise of others.   Although Iago is a perfect example of evil, a "hellish villain" creating an internalized beastlike rage, he is in fact a human wrapped with passion suffering from a distorted image of himself and others.    Evil has nowhere else been portrayed with such mastery as in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago is young, deceitful and a scoundrel from the start. He is keen and able to manipulat... ...ealed Through Dialogue." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986.    Gardner, Helen. "Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from "The Noble Moor." British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. "The Engaging Qualities of Othello." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.   

Near death experience Essay

Life is a great surprise I do not see why death should not be an even greater one â€Å"Everyone knows they’re going to die†¦ but nobody believes it. If we did, we would do things differently†¦. There’s a better approach. To know you’re going to die, and to be prepared for it at any time. That’s better. That way you can actually be more involved in your life while you’re living. † (Albom 82). Morrie feels that people refuse to believe that they will come one day die, and therefore, do not lives there lives as fully as they would have liked and also have many regrets as they become older and their death becomes closer. He feels that once we learn and accept that we are one day going to die, we learn to live our fully and without any regrets. Morrie repeats this quote frequently throughout the chapter to emphasize how important and helpful it is to accept death, and what a benefit it would be to living the remainder of our lives. Morrie wants Mitch to see how he able appreciates the smaller, more genuine things in life, knowing that his death is appropriate. Day by Day remind yourself that you are going to die later in life. So live a good a healthy life. Tuesdays with Morrie, author Mitch Albom allows the reader to experience that teaching of his dying professor, Morrie Schwartz. In the novel, Mitch is taught by Morrie once you learn how to die you learned how to live. Dying is a way of life, we was put on this earth for three reasons born, live, and die. The first aspect once life is known to be coming to an end, and the inevitable is accepted life is live moment to moment. No times is wasted on less important things because times become precious. Life is finally given its full value at the sight of death. Another aspect importance of relationships as well, in order to deal with life and death, family is key to providing the care and love needed to pass peacefully and securely. Learning how to live and cope with death also involved knowing how much to grieve for your own demise. The purpose of life is not to live but to die because life is a test where you going to go in the after life. The feeling to living life to the fullest is immediately thrown out knowing that some day an end to these experiences and lessons will inevitably come. Stress can be greatly decreased if a death is accepted; however, coping with death by refusing to believe one will die is psychologically natural. All combined Cancers rank as some of the highest causes of death, with cancer of the lungs as one of the largest. Strokes are also one of the highest in the world, accounting for 100,000+ deaths in the United States. â€Å"We want our lives to have meaning death suggest life adds up to nothing. †(Qtd Mchugh) This quote means we have to live to the fullest never know when your day can come to die. Life is too short to be playing around cant live forever. If you believe in the Bible, the meaning of life is Jesus Christ, because He is the only one that defeated death. To be hard working and serve God. To help out in fixing communities, you should not live only for fun but to help others and enjoy life too. â€Å"So many people walk around with a meaningless life. They seem half-asleep, even when they’re busy doing things they think are important. This is because they’re chasing the wrong things. The way you get meaning into your life is to devote yourself to loving others, devote yourself to your community around you, and devote yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning. †(Albom 43) Mitch recalls this quote, that Morrie had once told him, at the beginning of the novel when he was describing his job and his lifestyle. Mitch was a very busy, career and success oriented sports reporter. He chased money, success, and materialistic things. He recalled that Morrie had once told him how so many people get caught leading a meaningless life; they become too involved in their job, money, and fall under the popular culture dictatorship. Morrie feels that so many people are mislead thinking all of these things are important and they are too busy chasing these things that their life passes right by them. Morrie says that to create meaning in our life, we must love and show compassion for others. This way we create our own meaning of life and do not waste our life chasing false and superficial dreams. Ironically, Mitch lives this exact life of â€Å"chasing the wrong things. Culture allows us to feel us if death is not approaching and distance ourselves from the inevitable to the point that we feel as if we cannot die. Similarities seen with many who have undergone â€Å"near death† experiences due mainly to advanced technology in which a person can be lost but still survive. Despite the recent founding of the term, it has been ascertained that near-death experiences are not at all contemporary occurrences. Neither are they exclusive to certain age, gender, occupation, ethnicity, or religious group. Such spiritual episodes have been in existence from the time of the ancient philosopher Plato who, in his republic, wrote about a B. C. Greek soldier’s brush with death. Portions of near-death elements are scattered in various medieval Christian writing. Mostly â€Å"revitalizing† event as stated by those that undergo it begins to take life with the value it truly possesses. â€Å"With a changed perspective about the importance of relationships compared to mere material gain. † (Qtd Inquiry) This quote explains that relationships is incredibly important, and not material gains, although this quote is stated that material gain is still existent and part of life. Today, with the influx of modern near-death experience accounts in books, journals, television shows, motion pictures and the internet, more and more people are familiar with the phrase â€Å"light at the end of the tunnel,† as the near death experiences of various individuals give humanity a deeper understanding of death and the afterlife. The near-death experience is an inspirational glimpse of a positive spiritual life after physical death. â€Å"Once you learn how to live you learn how to die. †(Albom 82) Throughout this quote, Morrie feels that people refuse to believe that they will one day die, and therefore, do not live there lives as fully as they would have liked and also have many regrets as they become older and their death becomes closer. He feels that once we learn and accept that we are one day going to die, we learn to live our lives fully and without any regrets. Morrie repeats this quotes frequently throughout the chapter to emphasize how important and helpful it is to accept death, and what a benefit it would be to living the remainder of our lives. Morrie also wants Mitch to see how he is able to appreciate the smaller, more genuine things in life, knowing that his death is approaching. Life is finally given its full value at the sight of death. Morrie stressed the importance of relationships as well, stating they are necessary in aiding one’s passage. In order to deal with life and death, family is the key to providing the care and love needed to pass peacefully and securely. Learning how to live and cope with death also involved knowing how much to grieve for your own demise. Death is biologically inevitable, however when it does finally come, it is seen to do so abruptly, even if it involves a terminal illness. Birth and Death are similar in a way because they are greatly important both emotionally and in the continued existence of humanity. They are opposites in a way too cause birth is anticipated and death is avoided. Immediate shock and disbelief followed by full impact of the death and last, the integration of the loss into daily loss. â€Å"Birth meant an invitation to a life of suffering and never ending work, and of the inevitable sickness and death of which there was no escape. † (Qtd Roman) this quote means birth is gift to life and death is like a surprise party and everybody invited because nobody knows when they going to die. People stress the true importance of family with many objects that are not important in their lives. Material possessions, mainly due to our cultural aspects on life, have ruled our notion on how life should be lived. The culture we have does not make people feel good about themselves. And you have to be strong enough to say if the culture doesn’t work, don’t buy it. †(Albom 42) This quote illustrates one of the themes in the novel: popular culture vs. self-created values. Morrie feels that we should reject pop-culture values and develop our own sense of values and culture. Morrie feels that the media creates a culture of greed, violence, and lacking satisfaction. Morrie developed his own culture long before he got sick. He appreciated such things like holding discussion groups, walks with friends and dancing. He read books, founded community projects and kept in touch with old colleagues and students. He never wasted time watching TV; instead he took more time enjoying nature, food, and human activities. Morrie also feels that if we are successful at rejecting pop-culture we will lead more meaningful lives, embrace aging, and live without regret. Many Americans put this aside to the point that the actual realization is far more stressful than it should be. People should stressed the importance of begin involved in day to day life and aiding in one’s community. This can be seen as living life to the fullest and taking in the positive aspects while we still have a chance. People should appreciate the natural surroundings. Simple things more than anything else, suggesting that true importance is left in the smallest of things. The purpose of life is not to live but to die. â€Å"Everyone knows they’re going to die, but nobody believes it. †(Albom 70) Morries’s words on this subject are very in depth in that he had to live the last months of his life with this fact looming over his head. He further revitalizes the sense that in our culture do not understand that death is truly inevitable to all of us. The purpose of life is to choose whom you will be loyal to. Either you will show yourself willing to live under the rule of God of the universe or you will choose to live as a slave to self and to sin. Life is a test we have to pass the right way for a reward in life hereafter. Works Cited Albom, Mitch. Tuesdays with Morrie. New York: Doubleday Publishing Group,Inc. , 1997 â€Å"Death: An Inquiry into Man’s Most Mortal Weakness. † (Online) Available http://library. thinkquest. org/16665/cgi-bin/index. cgi April 22, 2007 Mchugh, Paul R. â€Å"Dying made easy. † Commentary. February 1999:13-17 â€Å"When the rains falls. † Publishers Weekly 29 October 2012.

Free Essays on Bank Merger

Abstract This paper discusses the bank merger between Memphis based National Bank of Commerce (National Commerce Financial-Holding Company) and Sun Trust Bank (Sun Trust, Inc. –Holding Company). This paper does not seek to present evidence in support or against the merger. It merely supplies a review of each institution and an educated prediction of resulting entity. This paper relies on information mostly gained from marketing and/or literature from each perspective bank’s web site, brochures or other sales mediums rather than data validated by an independent third party. Overall, we stress that while economy of scale provides the financial stability necessary for the entities to compete in today’s financial markets in the US and globally, there remains a need for Memphis-based â€Å"community champions† which are directly focused on serving the needs of local consumers. Introduction Some analysis today suggests that one the causes of the Great Depression in the U.S. was bank over competition. This was solved in part through the passing of the Glass-Steagall Act, which forced financial firms to choose between wholesale and retail banking also called Money Centers, and the 1928 McFadden Act which prohibited interstate banking. Though this restrictive environment was meant to diminish competition, it resulted in the growing interest of bank mergers amongst large banks. This occurred when the Money-center banks began shifting focus from consumers to large deposits. This trend grew so prevalent that money-center banks started fighting with the Federal Reserve in the 1960s over their ability to access purchased funds through the newly created deposit instruments such as negotiable CDs. The fight ended with the large banks gaining unimpeded access to large deposits, both in the US and Europe. The competition resulted in a buyers market where high interest rates were aggressively offered. High interest rates... Free Essays on Bank Merger Free Essays on Bank Merger Abstract This paper discusses the bank merger between Memphis based National Bank of Commerce (National Commerce Financial-Holding Company) and Sun Trust Bank (Sun Trust, Inc. –Holding Company). This paper does not seek to present evidence in support or against the merger. It merely supplies a review of each institution and an educated prediction of resulting entity. This paper relies on information mostly gained from marketing and/or literature from each perspective bank’s web site, brochures or other sales mediums rather than data validated by an independent third party. Overall, we stress that while economy of scale provides the financial stability necessary for the entities to compete in today’s financial markets in the US and globally, there remains a need for Memphis-based â€Å"community champions† which are directly focused on serving the needs of local consumers. Introduction Some analysis today suggests that one the causes of the Great Depression in the U.S. was bank over competition. This was solved in part through the passing of the Glass-Steagall Act, which forced financial firms to choose between wholesale and retail banking also called Money Centers, and the 1928 McFadden Act which prohibited interstate banking. Though this restrictive environment was meant to diminish competition, it resulted in the growing interest of bank mergers amongst large banks. This occurred when the Money-center banks began shifting focus from consumers to large deposits. This trend grew so prevalent that money-center banks started fighting with the Federal Reserve in the 1960s over their ability to access purchased funds through the newly created deposit instruments such as negotiable CDs. The fight ended with the large banks gaining unimpeded access to large deposits, both in the US and Europe. The competition resulted in a buyers market where high interest rates were aggressively offered. High interest rates...

Queen Anne Architecture - Victorian Houses in the US

Queen Anne Architecture - Victorian Houses in the US Of all the Victorian house styles, Queen Anne is the most elaborate and the most eccentric. The style is often called romantic and feminine, yet it is the product of a most unromantic era the machine age. The Queen Anne style became fashionable in the 1880s and 1890s, when the industrial revolution was building up steam in the United States. North America was caught up in the excitement of new technologies. Factory-made, pre-cut architectural parts were shuttled across the country on a rapidly expanding train network. Prefabricated cast iron became the showy, ornate facade of urban merchants and bankers. The well-to-do wanted the same manufactured elegance for their homes as they had for their businesses, so exuberant architects and builders combined architectural details to create innovative, and sometimes excessive, homes. Victorian Status Symbol Widely-published pattern books touted spindles and towers and other flourishes we associate with Queen Anne architecture. Country folk yearned for fancy city trappings. Wealthy industrialists pulled out all stops as they built lavish castles using Queen Anne ideas. Even Frank Lloyd Wright, who later championed his Prairie Style houses, began his career building Queen Anne style houses. Most notably, Wrights houses for Walter Gale, Thomas H. Gale, and Robert P. Parker are well-known Queen Annes in the Chicago, Illinois area. The Queen Anne Look Although easy to spot, Americas Queen Anne style is difficult to define. Some Queen Anne houses are lavished with gingerbread, but some are made of brick or stone. Many have turrets, but this crowning touch is not necessary to make a house a queen. So, what is Queen Anne? Virginia and Lee McAlester, authors of A Field Guide to American Houses, identify four types of detailing found on Queen Anne homes. 1. Spindled Queen Anne (See photo)This is the style we most frequently think of when we hear the term Queen Anne. These are gingerbread houses with delicate turned porch posts and lacy, ornamental spindles. This type of decoration is often called Eastlake because it resembles the work of the famous English furniture designer, Charles Eastlake. 2. Free Classic Queen Anne (See photo)Instead of delicate turned spindles, these homes have classical columns, often raised on brick or stone piers. Like the Colonial Revival houses that would soon become fashionable, Free Classic Queen Anne homes may have Palladian windows and dentil moldings. 3. Half-Timbered Queen AnneLike the early Tudor style houses, these Queen Anne houses have decorative half-timbering in the gables. Porch posts are often thick. 4. Patterned Masonry Queen Anne (See photo)Most frequently found in the city, these Queen Anne houses have brick, stone, or terra-cotta walls. The masonry may be beautifully patterned, but there are few decorative details in wood. Mixed-Up Queens A list of Queen Anne features can be deceptive. Queen Anne architecture does not adhere to an orderly list of characteristics- the Queen refuses to be easily classified. Bay windows, balconies, stained glass, turrets, porches, brackets, and an abundance of decorative details may combine in unexpected ways. Also, Queen Anne details can be found on less pretentious houses. In American cities, smaller working-class homes were given patterned shingles, spindle work, extensive porches, and bay windows. Many turn-of-the-century houses are in fact hybrids, combining Queen Anne motifs with features from earlier and later fashions. About the name Queen Anne Queen Anne architecture in North America is very different from the slightly earlier versions of the style found throughout the United Kingdom. Moreover, in both the USA and England, Victorian Queen Anne architecture has little do with the British Queen Anne who ruled during the 1700s. So, why are some Victorian houses called Queen Anne? Anne Stuart became the Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland in the early 1700s. Art and science flourished during her reign. One hundred and fifty years later, Scottish architect Richard Norman Shaw and his followers used the term Queen Anne to describe their work. Their buildings didnt resemble the formal architecture of the Queen Anne period, but the name stuck. In the USA, builders began constructing homes with half-timbering and patterned masonry. These houses may have been inspired by the work of Richard Norman Shaw. Like Shaws buildings, they were called Queen Anne. As builders added spindle work and other flourishes, Americas Queen Anne houses grew increasingly elaborate. So it happened that the Queen Anne style in the United States became entirely different from the British Queen Anne style, and both styles were nothing like the formal, symmetrical architecture found during the time of Queen Annes reign. Endangered Queens Ironically, the very qualities that made Queen Anne architecture so regal also made it fragile. These expansive and expressive buildings proved expensive and difficult to maintain. By the turn of the twentieth century, the Queen Anne style had fallen out of favor. In the early 1900s, American builders favored homes with less ornamentation. The terms Edwardian and Princess Anne are names sometimes used for simplified, scaled down versions of the Queen Anne style. While many Queen Anne houses have been preserved as private homes, others have been converted into apartment houses, offices, and inns. The Queen Anne neighborhood of Seattle, Washington is named for its architecture. In San Francisco, flamboyant homeowners have painted their Queen Anne houses a rainbow of psychedelic colors. Purists protest that bright colors are not historically authentic. But the owners of these Painted Ladies claim that Victorian architects would be pleased. Queen Anne designers did, after all, relish decorative excesses. Learn More The Queen Anne Style Queen Anne House Pictures Dozens of photographs from around the United States let you see the variety of Queen Anne styles. References Baker, John Milnes. American House Styles: A Concise Guide. Hardcover, Second edition edition, Countryman Press, July 3, 2018. McAlester, Virginia Savage. A Field Guide to American Houses (Revised): The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding Americas Domestic Architecture. Paperback, Expanded, Revised edition, Knopf, November 10, 2015. Walker, Lester R. American Shelter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the American Home. Hardcover, Overlook, 1700. COPYRIGHT:The articles you see on the architecture pages at About.com are copyrighted. You may link to them, but do not copy them onto a web page or a print publication.

The Sui dynasty, The Tang Dynasty, The Song Dynasty Essay

The Sui dynasty, The Tang Dynasty, The Song Dynasty - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that China’s political landscape in the ancient period was characterized by dynasties which were often ruled by members of the same family. These dynasties would only relinquish power through subversion. The following is an analysis of the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the Sui, Tang and Song dynasty. The Sui dynasty lasted for a relatively short period – around 580 – 618 AD. Its existence, however, marked significant changes in the political structure, social and economic life of the Chinese. One of the notable changes in the political structure was the unification of northern and southern China. Emperor Wen, the founder of Sui dynasty is credited with this achievement. Sui dynasty’s main economic accomplishment was the extension of the Grand Canal. The canal facilitated transport of agricultural produce such as grain to the city. Socially, the Sui dynasty is accredited with bridging the gap between the rich and the poor through the Equal-field system. In this system, the land was owned by the government which in turn would distribute it to all individuals, including slaves. Tang dynasty can be traced to the period 618-907 AD. It was founded following the collapse of the Sui dynasty. Tang dynasty was characterized by prosperity. This was due to the enlightened political system put in place. A strict legal system guided by a legal code strengthened the administrative arm of Tang dynasty. A total of 10 political districts were established which enabled easier administration.

Epidemiologic Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Epidemiologic Investigation - Essay Example In the context of this project, the disease agent is a particular strain of E. coli that is well regarded as a food borne pathogen responsible for an infectious diarrheal disease. By definition, the characterization of the disease is intimately related to characterization of the agent that initiates or perpetuates the disease process. The E. coli talked about here is an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli, which is a biological agent which exhibits certain host-related biological properties such as infectivity, pathogenicity, and virulence. Since an individual almost always contract a disease from his environment, when an epidemic of infectious disease occurs, the cause usually lies in the environment. Therefore, in any specific population, in order to be able to prevent outbreak of any disease state and to be able to intervene, the conditions prevailing any health-related event or state can be investigated, and appropriate measures can be taken to apply the findings of such studies for controlling the health problems preemptively. FoodNet or the Food Borne Diseases Active Surveillance Network was developed by CDC in the Emerging Infections Program. In this program, data are collected 10 US states in relation to the disease burden caused by Escherichia coli 0157:H7 strains that are known to be transmitted through food. This program quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed illness. This epidemiologic event has great implications in public health. From the epidemiologic point of view, this is important since FoodNet quantifies and monitors these infections by conducting active population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed illness. The epidemiologic methods are used as surveillance tools, and these essentially scrutinize continuously the factors that would have determined the occurrence and distribution of this disease to be able to effectively control and prevent the disease. These essentially include collection, analysis, inter pretation, and distribution of relevant data for action. Escherichia coli is an emerging cause of food borne illness in the United States. Although most of these illnesses are mild, severe infections and serious life-threatening infections do occur. This has posed challenges to public health and public health administrations since there is change in the newly identified strains of the pathogens. With that, novel vehicles of transmission, changes in food production, and an apparent decline in food safety awareness might have aggravated the problems leading to these illnesses. There are several types of national surveillance systems for diseases that are food borne. These epidemiologic tools include outbreak surveillance, passive laboratory based surveillance, and active surveillance. Communicable diseases may be transmitted from the reservoir or the source of infection to the susceptible individuals in many different ways depending on the infectious agent, portal of entry, and the local ecological conditions. It is important to note that mu ch of the data about the vehicles and modes of transmission of these food borne diseases come from epidemiologic investigations of the outbreaks. From the public health point of view, the

Class discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Class discussions - Assignment Example Redundancies are sometimes relayed through emails. This often lead to confusion amongst staff members not knowing the reasons for these actions and whether they are likely to be next in being fired. Personally I believe that there are ways in which communication in an organization can be effectively relayed and avoid misinterpretation and misinformation. Being a senior staff in an organization, I would engage my colleagues in face-to-face discussions. In an organization, this means that staff meetings are important and allow staff members of various levels in the organization to freely express thoughts and ideas on how to improve the organization. Listening Listening is defined as the act of making an effort to hear something. Recently I discovered a weakness in my listening ability, which really cost me. My boss called me into his office and requested me to re-submit a report based on an earlier fieldwork that I had undertaken, but since I did not take the time to listen I thought t hat he referred to a report based on a previously finished project. Since I had not yet finished writing the report and did not want to appear lazy, I rushed on my desk and quickly typed the rest of the latest report without proper usage of words and emailed the report to the boss. He later called me and told me that he wanted a previously done report and that since I had gone an extra mile to submit the latest report, he would go through it. I went back to my desk and resubmitted what he had asked for. The following day he summoned me to his office and told me that the latest report was shoddy and that was unlike me. You can imagine how it tarnished my good records. Electronic messages Electronic messages are messages relayed through electronic means. Emails are example of electronic messages. Recently an internal memo was sent to every employee in the organization indicating that the management had decided to scrap the evening office tea in order to cost cut on the organizations s pending budget. I jokingly typed an email with the intention of sending it to my colleague who is also a friend. The email read [the next cost cutting strategy would be for us to take turns in guarding the gate]. I accidentally entered the [send to all] button and the message reached the senior management. After twenty minutes, I received an email from the human resource warning me against inciting staff members. You can imagine how it felt. Personalization of systems System personalization is designed to suit a user’s preference and function. windows 7 has recently come up with the latest versions with improved capabilities. For example, previously it was only possible to use one wallpaper on the desktop. Users who wanted a rotation of wallpapers would require installing a software program that would swap wallpapers in regular intervals. Windows 7 now comes with an option to use multiple wallpapers that rotate automatically depending on a user’s mood. Personalization based on language preference can be instrumental in enabling users speaking different languages to translate and understand information being relayed (Panek, W and Wentworth, T, 2010). Some of the common features present in all the three windows 7 editions include improved desktop navigation and home group. The new desktop features include a retooled taskbar that is redesigned to help the user work smarter and cut clutter. It also