The Gypsy Swing Cats and the Beginning of Jazz

Joshua Pauly Professor Hsu Artistic/Cultural Plunge Essay 11 April 2013 The Gypsy Swing Cats and the Beginning of Jazz On Wednesday April 10th I decided to go to the Kaffee Meister Coffeehouse, located at 9225 Carlton Hills Blvd Santee Ca. 92071, for the specific reason of enjoying some Jazz music played by the San Diego based Gypsy Swing Cats. I was quite impressed with how they performed by mixing an energetic and innovated blend of Swing, Jazz, and Blues. From what I observed, their music merges Gypsy melodies and rhythms, with the influences of American Jazz reminiscent of Paris in the 1930's: cool, charming, and classy.The music of the Gypsy Swing Cats is thoroughly modern infused with the wild, mysteriously free and exciting Gypsy flavors. The tantalizing melodies of the Gypsy Swing Cats bring the audience a unique and new experience. Their highly rhythmic sound will electrify your listening experience with a new exciting energy. Gypsy Jazz, also known as Gypsy Swing, is a musi cal expression often said to have been started by guitarist Jean â€Å"Django† Reinhardt. He was foremost amongst a group of Gypsy guitarists working in and around Paris in the 1930's.The music combined the exciting sound of American Jazz that transformed the old into the new. The guitarists supercharged the music further by adding Swing to the fire and melancholia of the unique Gypsy sound. The tantalizing melodies of the Gypsy Swing Cats bring the audience a unique and new experience. My dad is a big fan of Jazz music and he played it a lot around me when I was growing up, but I never really paid attention to it or who the famous musicians of the genre were.Yeah, this Jazz music was and still is very soothing to my mind, but I just personally never had any drive to listen to it on my own. After Hearing The Gypsy Swing Cats’ band play this genre of music that I was not very familiar with, I decided to embark on a journey of discovering something new to add to my not-s o-vastly knowledgeable brain, how Jazz was born. Jazz started when World War I had just ended and a social revolution was on its way. Customs and values of previous social norms were rejected. Life was to be lived to the fullest.This was also known as the era of the â€Å"lost generations,† and the â€Å"flapper† with her rolled stockings, short skirts, and straight up-and-down look. They disturbed their elders in the casino, night clubs, and speakeasies that replaced the ballrooms of prewar days. Dancing became more informal. At the close of the nineteenth century in the unpleasant dance halls and brothels of the South and Midwest, the word Jazz commonly meant sexual intercourse. Southern blacks, delivered from slavery a few decades before, started playing European music with Afro modifications.The first place of jazz has many origins: New Orleans, St. Louis, Memphis, and Kansas City are just a few. But New Orleans was and still remains an important jazz center. The e thnic rainbow of people who went to the bars and brothels were a big part of the development of jazz. This city had been under Spanish French rule because of the Louisiana Purchase. By 1900 New Orleans was a blend of Spanish, French, English, German, Italian, Slavic and countless blacks originally brought in the country as slaves.The first jazz bands contained a â€Å"rhythm section† consisting of a string bass, drums, and a guitar or banjo, and a â€Å"melodic section† with one or two cornets, a trombone, a clarinet, and sometimes even a violin. Years later, jazz was taken over by large orchestras; A â€Å"society jazz† contained fifteen or more musicians. Today, there is a renewed interest in the â€Å"big band† era, even though the music has very little to do with real jazz. Jazz is characterized by certain features. The first is a tendency to stress the weak beats of the bar (2nd and 4th) in contrast to traditional music which stressed the first and t hird beats.The second feature is syncopation through an extensive repetition of short and strongly rhythmic phrases or â€Å"riffs†. The third feature of jazz is swing (regular but subtle pulsation which animates 4/4 time). The swing must be present in every good jazz performance. Jazz as a musical style it has been with us for more than a century. Jazz originated in the United States, It has spread over the entire world, and its influence can be seen everywhere. It is a universal language and means of communication, understood by people in all nations and all walks of life.It has been a major influence on many styles and classes of music since its origin in the late 1800's. It has also influenced dance, clothing styles, the recording industry, the film industry, radio and television, our language, and many other aspects of our lives. One major contributor to jazz was Louis Daniel Armstrong who was born in the Storyville District of New Orleans, Louisiana, on August 4, 1901. He always celebrated his birth as July 4, 1900 because that is what he was told and believed.His real date of birth was not known until after his death July 6, 1971. His father Willie, a laborer, left the family soon after he was born, his mother, a domestic servant and a part time prostitute called Mayanne, left Louis and his sister Beatrice, also called Mama Lucy, in the care of his grandma much of the time, however he always believed the love of his family helped him make it through those rough times. Louis dressed in rags and usually shopped in garbage cans. He sang with other boys on the streets for tips and began to develop his musical talents.At this time in his life, it was not a promising time for young Louis. To celebrate the New Year in 1913 Louis discharged a borrowed pistol into the air and was arrested. A very fortunate occurrence for Jazz and probably for him, he was then sent to the city's Colored Waif's Home for Boys, where he came under the very capable tutorship o f Peter Davis, the music instructor at the home. Louis had some background in harmony singing, as a natural ability, and the experience of singing on the streets, but under Mr.Davis he began to study music. First vocals, then percussion, then he became the home bugler, and finally cornet. The music was very structured mostly marches and other ensemble music. When being released from the waif's home at age fourteen, Louis worked selling papers, unloading boats, and selling coal from a horse and cart. He also listened to bands at clubs like the Come Clean Dance Hall and Mahogany Hall, in Storyville. Joe â€Å"King† Oliver with the Kid Ory Band was his favorite and he quickly became young Louis's mentor.By 1917 Louis was playing in various groups at dive bars in New Orleans' Storyville section. In 1919 he joined Fate Marable's band in St. Louis, and stayed with him until 1921. Marable headed a band and he played in Zutty Singleton's Trio, Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Orchestra, The Si lver Leaf Band, and When King Oliver left New Orleans in 1919 to go to Chicago, Louis took his place in Kid Ory's band, at the suggestion of Oliver. In 1922 Louis received a telegram from Joe Oliver, asking him to join his Creole Jazz Band at Lincoln Gardens in Chicago.Louis learned much working with Oliver. The experience of playing second cornet helped to develop his ear and harmonies, and, the importance of playing straight lead, as Oliver did, were lessons that he would use for the remainder of his life. While playing in Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, Louis met Lillian Hardin the piano player for the band, and they were married in February of 1924. By the end of 1924 she pressured Louis to leave the Oliver band. He moved to New York to play in Fletcher Henderson's Orchestra for 13 months.While in New York he worked many recording sessions with numerous Blues singers including Bessie Smith on her 1925 classic recording of â€Å"St. Louis Blues†. In 1925 Armstrong moved back to Chicago and joined his wife's band at the Dreamland. He recorded his first Hot Five records that same year. This was the first time Louis had made records under his own name. The records made by Louis Armstrong's Hot Five and Hot Seven are considered to be absolute jazz classics and the peak of his creative powers. The band never played live, but continued recording until 1928.Louis Armstrong died in 1969 his manager was Joe Glaser. According to records the first person to play jazz music was a man born in 1878, the legendary Buddy Bolden. The old-time musicians say that Buddy Bolden was â€Å"the first musician to start the big noise in Jazz. † They say he'd shine his cornet â€Å"till it glistened like a woman's legs†. Then he'd put his horn out the window and say to his band, â€Å"Let's call the children home†. He would blow and his children would come running. It has also been said that, â€Å"his trumpet could be heard all over New Orleans, and even acro ss the river in Algiers†.

Anti-Discrimination CASE NOTE Essay

INTRO The Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) aims to ensure equality among society yet it appears the recent amendment specifically allows discrimination.1 This judgement will be assessed on the basis for the appeal application, the judgements and the issues and questions which this case raises. I FACTS GK was a self-employed sex worker. GK periodically stayed at the Drovers Rest Motel at Moranbah for the purposes of sex work. Mrs Hartley, director of Dovedeen Pty Ltd and manager of the motel, denied GK, the respondent, further accommodation because she was aware GK was performing sex work. Mrs Hartley advised her that she would have to stay somewhere else. GK acknowledged that the refusal to accommodate her at Drovers rest was not because of who she was but because of what she was doing. Mr Hartley, also director of Dovedeen Pty Ltd, gave evidence that his understanding was that legally he could not allow people to conduct a business in the motel and under the Liquor Act 1992 (Qld). GK complained of direct discrimination on the basis of her engagement in ‘lawful sexual activity’. A leave for appeal against the Appeal Tribunal’s decision has now been applied for by Dovedeen Pty Ltd and Mrs Hartley proceeding on the 19 March 2013. II JUDGMENTS Fraser JA states that it was an error of law that the Appeal Tribunal held that the prohibition in the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 includes ‘the treatment of a person less favourably because he or she carries on lawful sexual activity on †¦ particular premises.’2 The initial trial concluded that any person wishing to carry out such activities as prostitution would be refused accommodation and therefore GK was not treated less favourably than any other who was not a lawfully employed sex worker seeking a room for the same purposes.3 For this reason GK was not the subject of direct discrimination. Upon an internal appeal it was rather found that the conduct of Dovedeen Pty Ltd and Mrs Hartley did in fact violate the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991, suggesting that it was incorrect to imply that  the relevant provision in the act was so limited as to mean that a person is only protected if they are treated less favourably where they are not carrying out the activity bu t have the status, character, or reputation of being a sex worker which is such that different treatment of that person is justified.4 The notice of the new Appeal includes six grounds of appeal of which two were found to challenging findings of fact: i) ‘The Tribunal erred in finding that there was no distinction between a person’s status of a lawfully employed sex worker and the engagement of sex work by that sex worker. ii) The Tribunal erred in finding the appropriate comparator was a person who was seeking to use the motel for any lawful purpose’5 III ISSUES ON APPEAL The attribute of ‘lawful sexual activity’ is defined as ‘a person’s status as a lawfully employed sex worker, whether or not self-employed’6 in the Schedule of the Anti-Discrimination Act.7 Between having the status of a sex worker and performing the work of a sex worker, The Court noted, there is a distinction and established that it is the status that is protected in the relevant Act. This definition of status within the Anti-Discrimination Act is deemed applicable except in circumstances where the context would indicate differently. There appears to be no such indication, coupled with the fact that the attributes outlined in Section 7 are central to the operation of the Act. Section 28 is the only other place in the Act where ‘lawful sexual activity’ is used, and refers to an exemption which permits discrimination in work with minors where it is reasonably necessary to take into consideration the whole context and circumstance of the c ase, including the person’s actions.8 Hence, activity is a relevant circumstance rather than the attribute itself. Without the definition being included within the Act, the Act could be interpreted as prohibiting discrimination in the provision of accommodation as a result of the person being engaged in lawful sexual activity on the premises. The inclusion on the Act of the definition prevents such an interpretation, due to the fact that it is only a person’s status as a sex worker that is protected. There are four attributes that involve ‘activity’, namely ‘breastfeeding’, ‘political activity’, ‘trade union activity’ and ‘religious activity’.9 The Court compared the definition  of ‘lawful sexual activity’ with these four, and found that only religious activity is defined in the Act. Such a definition implies that religious activity has categories of activity or non-activity, whereas lawful sexual activity has no such definition and is defined only in the form of ‘status’. Hence, it may be concluded that the attribute cannot be extended beyond ‘status as a lawfully employed sex worker’10 to include the category of activity – the engaging in prostitution on the premises. Thus the Appeal Tribunal erred in this regard. In applying the test in section 10(1)11 one must identify the characteristics relevant in the comparator. The court applied Purvis,12 and state that ‘circumstances that are the same or not materially different’13 include ‘all of the objective features which surround the actual or intended treatment’14 of the claimer. It was viewed that the Tribunal identified the incorrect comparator due to the notion that a person who intends to use a room for purposes of prostitution is not necessarily a person without the attribute15. Additionally the Appeal Tribunal was also viewed as incorrect in the identification of a comparator as an individual who was seeking accommodation for the use of any lawful purpose excluding lawful sexual activity or prostitution. This is due to the disregard that description includes of the activities which were intended to be conducted by GK, therefore the circumstances are not ‘the same or materially different’16 as required in section 10(1)17. The most suitable comparator when applying section 10(1)18 was an individual who was not a lawful sex worker but wanted accommodation for the purpose of conducting a series of separate sexual encounters with different others at various times.19 At this point one must consider then if a sex worker who is less busy or successful would be in a conceptually different position to either the decided comparator or to the Complainant. 20It was the occurrence of prostitution in the motel that was the object of refusal rather than the multiple sexual encounters.21 Therefore should the comparator be determined by ‘reference to the number of sexual encounters expected to be engaged in?’22 Section 8 of the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 includes the definition of discrimination on the basis of an attribute. An argument was made that  lawful sex work conduct is a characteristic of the attribute in consideration; ‘lawful sexual activity’. This was rejected by the Court and argued that The work done by a person in any remunerative occupation is not properly described as a ‘characteristic’ or typical ‘feature or quality’ of the person’s status as a worker in that occupation; it is simply the activity done by the person to earn remuneration. Section 8 does not extend the reach of the Act in the way for which GK contended.23 There remains the unresolved issue with regards to the interplay between the two Acts – the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 and the Liquor Act 1992. The appeal did not consider this aspect, and both the tribunal in the first instance and the Appeal Tribunal concluded differently. Section 152 of the Liquor Act24 prohibits a business being conducted on licensed premises, other than that authorised specifically by the licence. On the other hand, Sections 82 and 83 of the Anti-Discrimination Act25 prohibits discrimination in the accommodation and pre-accommodation areas of a premise. The tribunal in the first instance identified this as an inconsistency, and referring to the Attril v State of Queensland, upheld the more recent Act (the Liquor Act) in regards to this inconsistency. However, this finding has been overturned by both the Tribunal and the Court of Appeal. The distinction between ‘a business’ and the conduct of ‘a business activity’ was raised, th ereby establishing that Section 152 of the Liquor Act 1992 26was not inconsistent with any section of the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 which pertains to the providing of accommodation to a person who may then engage in lawful sexual activity in that place27. Under the QCAT Act, the Tribunal made orders to protect the privacy of GK by use of initials. Orders of this nature do not apply to the proceedings in The Court of Appeal where they have been made by the Tribunal. The Court of Appeal does have power to make these orders however an application must be made. It was assessed in reference to Russell v Russell 28that the nature of the courts and their proceedings are transparent referencing that ‘publicity is the authentic hall-mark of judicial as distinct from administrative procedure.’29 It was noted that despite the majority’s sympathy they would not allow to pass a pseudonym order however the circumstances where the  court may exercise its power to make such an order were not closed30. V OUTCOME Leave to appeal granted, appeal allowed and decisions and orders made by the Appeal Tribunal of QCAT to be set aside. The appeal to the Appeal Tribunal against the decision of QCAT made on 25 Oct. 2011 should be dismissed. Finally, parties are allowed to make submissions as to the costs of proceedings in Court of Appeal and of the appeal to the Appeal Tribunal in the QCAT. Legal reasons for the concluding decisions are that that there were errors in the previous trial which were established The Tribunal identified inconsistency in Section 152 of Liquor Act 31and section 82 and 83 of the Anti-Discrimination Act32 which was overturned with the conclusion that there was no inconsistency. There was error found in the conclusions made in reference to the attribute of ‘lawful sexual activity’ with the establishment that the attribute, in fact, cannot be extended beyond status as a lawfully employed sex worker to include the category of activity. Additionally it was found that the comparator disregard the description used includes of the activities which were intended for the room hired. These facts can be noted as the ratio decidendi. A noteworthy obiter dictum includes the consideration of orders protecting the privacy of GK. Extensive discussion occurred in relation to this issue considering fundamental reasons why courts are designed to be transparent and public and weighing those factors with the implications of publishing of GK’s name for her and her young children. IV IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS It is only legal to engage in sex work in Licensed brothels, which are often unsafe and harmful places, or on your own where accommodation services not only protected your privacy but constitutes a safe environment.33 This case was one that brought lawful sex workers from across the state together to rally for their rights as it is clear this case was not just about GK. There was ample support from individuals and also groups such as the support group Respect Queensland to help GK pay for her legal bills. The decision to allow  appeal and, upon a loss to GK, many in the industry will be affected.34 Furthermore it affects not only those in the industry but the Queensland society and law; ‘It would seem that potentially the decision†¦ or the changes have quite alarmingly entrenched this idea in legislation that it’s okay to discriminate against a particular type of lawful sexual activity.’35 There are now fears that this may push sex workers onto streets in o rder to earn their livelihood. This case sets an important legal precedent. It is the first time Queensland has specified this issue. Before the complaint to the Commissioner, the accommodation industry either looked past the fact individuals were using their rooms for sex work or would make payments for prostitutes to stay away.36 It was found that there were many other cases of similarity waiting for the verdict of this case in order to rely in its precedent value. Following the final hearing of this case, the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) has now been amended to ensure clarity that discrimination on the basis of lawful sexual activity in providing accommodation, complaints will not succeed. VI CONCLUSION A summary analysis would seem to reveal the importance of assessing the intersections between relevant Acts (such as the Liquor Act and the Anti-Discrimination Act) and the contextual interpretation of such concepts as ‘status’ and ‘lawful activity’. The legislation also brings a community and democratic and political dimension to bear. It is clear this case has many implications for the Queensland society. A precedent such as this ‘suggests that anti-discrimination laws have a really long way to go to protect people who are engaging in lawful sexual activity’.37 This case highlights the difficulty in some areas distinguishing between the person and their occupation and the requirements for undertaking their occupation. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Articles/Books/Reports Anti-Discrimination Commission Queensland, Dovedeen Pty Ltd v GK [2013] QCA 116 (2013) Elise Worthington ‘Qld Court rules prostitution was not discriminated against’ (2013) ABC. Melbourne University Law Review Association, Melbourne Journal of International Law; Australian Guide to Legal Citation, 3rd Ed. (2010) Richard Krever, Writig a Case Note, Mastering law studies and law exam techniques, Butterworths, %th ed (2001) pp. 13-22 Richard Krever, amended by Micheal Quinlan, Guide to Reading a case and to preparing a case not (2014) Survive Law, How to write a case note (2010), 2. Cases Dovedeen Pty Ltd & Anor v GK [2013] QCA 116 (2013) (17 may 2013) Dovedeen Pty Ltd & Anor v GK[2013] QCA 194 (19 July 2013) GK v Dovedeen Pty Ltd and Anor [2011] QCAT 441 (22 March 2011) GK v Dovedeen Pty Ltd and Anor (No 2) [2011] QCAT 445 (15 September 2011) GK v Dovedeen Pty Ltd & Anor (No 3) [2011] QCAT 509 (25 October 2011) GK v Dovedeen Pty Ltd and Anor [2012] QCATA 128 (31 July 2012) Lyons v State of Queensland (No 2) [2013] QCAT 731, ( 1 December, 2013) 3. Legislation Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) Liquor Act 1992 (Qld) 4. Other Survive Law, Dovedeen Pty Ltd & Anor v GK [2013] QCA 116 (2013)

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Dioxin and human health - Essay Example The producibility is relatively high in presence of a catalyst like iron. Chemistry of Dioxins Para-dibenzodioxins are formed when two oxygens combines two benzenes (or chlorinated benzenes). The number of isomers is several as both could have upto 8 chlorines – 75 for PCCDs and 135 for PCDFs. These compounds are called as congeners. Toxicity is expressed as Toxic Equivalent Factor (TEF) and toxicity is based on 2,3,7,8 TCCD which is expressed as TEF. The toxicity is caused because of the four chlorine atoms at positions 2, 3, 7, 8 on the dioxin molecules. The toxicity is expressed as pg TEQ/g lipid (ppt) and is summed up based upon their toxicity equivalent concentrations. OCCD is the most abundant isomer related to human contamination followed by the 2,3,7,8 substituted hepta and hexa-chloro congeners. 2,3,7,8 TCCD is normally less abundant than PCCD. The activation of Ah receptor determines the TEF. The oxygen bond between the two benzenes could be substituted to sulphur or azide. Chlorine could be replaced by bromine. Effect of Dioxins on Human Health Eating, breathing, and polluted air and skin contact with contaminated soil and materials are the major routes for human exposure. The PCCDs reach the blood stream after passing from the gastrointestinal tract and eating food containing the PCCDs.

Impact of age diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Impact of age diversity - Essay Example Specifically, these aspects will be examined in the context of the impact of age in the labor force and how this will affect the roles of the managers in the labor organizations as a recent study reported that by 2020, individuals of 50 years old and up will take up a third of the region’s workforce population. Article Analysis The age of the workers is recognized as a relevant determinant of their performance at work. Some employers prefer the old ones for their developed skills from experience, while the others choose the younger for their flexibility and other characteristics. Such assumptions have rooted from a number of research findings pointing out how workers of specific age ranges easily adapt to changes implemented in the work places (e.g., technology, roles and responsibilities, and etc.) while others can or do not (Morris & Venkatesh, 2000; Morris, Venkatesh, & Ackerman, 2005). Other studies also suggest that an employee’s age can tell employers his or her p robable productivity rate. Specifically, groups of researchers have previously proposed that valuable attitudes and behaviors of the workers decline as one ages (Ferris, et al., 1985; McEvoy & Cascio, 1989; Salthouse & Babcock, 1991; Lawrence, 1988); others, on the other hand, cannot particularly point out concrete evidences of the existence of such relationships in â€Å"different age categories of employees† (Duncan & Loretto, 2004). ... Specifically, groups of researchers have previously proposed that valuable attitudes and behaviors of the workers decline as one ages (Ferris, et al., 1985; McEvoy & Cascio, 1989; Salthouse & Babcock, 1991; Lawrence, 1988); others, on the other hand, cannot particularly point out concrete evidences of the existence of such relationships in â€Å"different age categories of employees† (Duncan & Loretto, 2004). Nevertheless, because of prior assumptions related to these, age discrimination has been inevitable (Ferris & King, 1992; Issacharoff & Harris, 1997; Taylor & Walker, 1997); putting the welfare of the members of the workforce -- especially the old ones -- in line while necessitating further management reorganization and implementation from those with higher positions in the workplace. As such dilemmas coexist, it is then important to consider several aspects that affect and, likewise, become affected by the consequences of the age of the employees by the overall performan ce of the workforce as well as the management of the organization. This is particularly true as an unexpected shift of the age of the workforce is to be anticipated after nine years; that is, more than 30% of the members of the United Kingdom workforce â€Å"will be over 50 by 2020† (Snowdon, 2010). In Snowdon’s article, it was noted that the Chartered Management Institute (CMI) and the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) reported in a research that majority of the managers in the work organizations in UK are still unprepared for this shift. Although the author seems to lack the efficiency of properly addressing the audience that he intends to tap with his article, it is without a doubt that

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Education - Essay Example For instance, in order to answer the question about the pregnant boy, his photo was missing but after some time, the photo becomes visible. Laying emphasis on the information, I felt the information on it had a good description and the photos were informative. Reading The information described in the website is of exceptional help for public. It is appealing to the target group, which is the teenage bracket. From teenage, the author clearly explains the method that reduces the chances of having unwanted pregnancies and STIs infection. He uses an easy language and vivid description in explaining on the various prevention measures and clearly stating how the pregnancy the method works. The author uses diagrams in illustrating how to wear a male or a female condom to reduce the chances of it breaking and thus making it useless. The language used in the context is pure and appealing for public. The topic itself is also highly appealing since many teenagers; especially those in active sex engrossed in the idea of protecting themselves from unwanted pregnancy Example The examples given by the author are particularly appealing and easy to comprehend. He states, describe and explains how different methods of pregnancy prevention methods applied. This example not only helps the target age bracket, but the public can use them. The use of clear and uncomplicated language is ideal for anyone who is in need of health information greatly benefits from the website. The examples provided by the author are also appealing in the manner that they are readily available, true and of great importance. The author describes several methods used in order reduces chances of having STIs and unwanted pregnancies. The methods discussed include the use of condoms as birth control methods.... This paper approves that the language used is appropriate for the target group because there are no uses of medical terminologies. The language used is single and clear in describing the method needs to be used and its effectiveness. The author also puts himself in the shoes of the target group and uses language that they best understand. The language used also is in a manner that every person with the slightest education can read and comprehend what the website is emphasizing. The simple language used makes it possible for the author, to communicate the message to many people as possible without fear of alienation of a certain group due to their level of literacy. The author gives helpful tip in self-care management. Most of the teenagers risk their safety for fear that their partners may mot trusts them. The authors illustrate how someone would use a polite language especially when the other partner does not see the need of using a condom. The author also illustrates how a partner can help the other partner who does not appreciate the use of condoms. This essay makes a conclusion that the publisher of the article is also a humorous character. He or she knows how to get the attention of any reader. The pictures displayed at the homepage leaves one wondering what the article could be talking about and due to curiosity that forces one to read the message, he originally intended to deliver. The creativity of the homepage page also makes anyone yearning read more of the article thus delivering his message. The publisher also uses an easy language where anyone who knows how to read benefits from the website

How the Black Panthers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How the Black Panthers - Essay Example The street gangs of the 1960’s were the result of the frustration of black youngsters against whites, who did not welcome them in their neighborhoods. The BPP called upon the black youth to rise in self defense and proclaimed the U.S. government as its enemy. Gangs have been a part of the culture of America ever since the 1800’s but the street gang subculture is constantly evolving, so as to conform to prevailing conditions. The leaders of one of these small street gangs, the Slausons, founded the Los Angeles arm of the Black Panther Party (BPP). Soon the rowdy gang culture was being shaped into an overtly political agenda. In 1969, Carter and Huggins, the leaders of the Los Angeles BPP were killed in a gun battle on the UCLA campus during a face-off with members of the United Slaves, a rival gang. These murders triggered a massive FBI retaliation, which led to the disbanding of the BPP. With the BPP no longer in existence, black youth scoured for newer gangs, and at this point Raymond Washington rallied them together under the banner, Baby Avenues or Baby Cribs. With time, the Cribs evolved into Crips in the local vernacular. Washington recruited a large number of members into his gang and in 1971, formed the Westside Crips by me rging his rival Tookie’s gang with his own. The name Crips stands for â€Å"Continuous Revolution in Progress† and this gang had the fearlessness of the Panthers, combined with their rebellious attitude (Davis, Mike; City of Quartz, PP.293-300). Members of Crips gang identify themselves by wearing blue bandanas. When the Crips began to expand, it led to conflicts with other gangs and during a summer conflict in 1972, between the Crips and Pirus gang, the Crips won. The Pirus and other small gangs of the area came together to form a separate organization called the Bloods, and began to sport red bandanas. Just like the BPP, these gangs were formed to protect black people

Dan And Mike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dan And Mike - Essay Example However, the return on investment (ROI), was low as compared to other funds thereby meriting a change in approach a view also subscribed to by the younger generation of analysts in EPI. Mike's entry into EPI challenged the existing 'status-quo'. The founder members of EPI were unprepared and therefore unwilling to accept Mike's style of functioning as the traditional values of the firm were being challenged. That these new methods practiced by Mike produced amazing results as also earned the loyalty of junior analysts further caused jealousy amongst the senior partners. Riding on Mike's success, other fund mangers and researchers also began to back Mike in various forums, further widening the rift between the 'old' and the 'new'. This dissension within the organization had the effect of adversely affecting the operations of other members. The senior partners felt that Mike was deliberately going against EPI's laid down policy to "provide safe and moderate income[and that it was]the philosophy we used to solicit the investment[and therefore]approach we are obligated to maintain"(p373-4). In such an organizational climate, Mike began o criticize those who would not t oe his line. This would even include the senior partners who felt that Mike was willfully challenging their authority and position in the company by being insubordinate. Thus the conflict was both at a personal as well as organizational level. Q. What are the approaches to manage the conflict A. Essentially, the conflict was between the conservative senior partner of EPI and Mike the maverick. Obviously there was a need for a mediator who would be acceptable to both parties. Accordingly, one of the senior partners approached Dan, a founder member of EPI, as also is CEO. As the CEO it was Dan who had recruited Mike, overriding the reservations voiced by the other partners while at the same tie offering Mike, "the freedom and flexibility to operated a segment of the fund as he [Mike] desired"(p 373). By requesting Dan o resolve the conflict, EPI showed a degree of maturity. However, by insisting that, "Mike must either conform to the philosophyof the organization or else resign' (p 373), the senior partners showed a forcing approach to conflict management of impinging their views on others, an approach that can also have a negative fall-out. Dan on the other hand, had a reputation as a 'great equalizer' who liked to work through consensus. Dan's management philosophy was based on, "loyalty - loyalty to the organization...to membersto friends"(p372). Dan approached the situation keeping in mind this very fact that the resolution of the conflict must be a 'win-win' situation for all the players. Not only should the concerns of the partners be met and the EPI itself continue to prosper, but his promise of autonomy to Mike should also be upheld. Accordingly, Dan tried to reason with Mike in an attempt to find a compromise solution. While accepting the need for change, Dan pointed out that everyone in the company had to be taken on board and that, "The rate of change is as important as the direction "(p

Policy memo for a health policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Policy memo for a health policy - Research Paper Example This followed the cumulative AIDs cases that had doubled to 51,000 from 25,000 by the year 1992 (Simao 3). The main mode of transmission was identified as being sexual intercourse which contributed to more than 97 percent of the total cases. The age group that was mostly affected was the ages between 25 and 35. The male IDU as well as the MSM populations were identified as the ones to be at most risk with the incidence rates being placed at 15 times more than the nation’s general population. At the same time, the infection rates were also observed to be sky rocketing and this was mostly observed among poor people and women in small towns. This alarming situation left the AIDs officials to refer to the AIDS trends in Brazil as being ruralisation, pauperization and feminization. Measures had to be put in place to combat the disease progress in Brazil. The earliest and most aggressive response were witnessed in the cooperation between civil society and government and grounded with respect to human rights. This made the issue being viewed as being an international success. It will be remembered that Brazil became the first developing country in 1996 to come out publicly and offer financed antiretroviral treatment to its citizens living with HIV/AIDs. By the year 2000, the HIV epidemic in Brazil had stabilized and the figures were compared to those in Western Europe and the United States with the highest rates of infection being witnessed among the high-risk groups like sex workers, gay men and injection drug users (Simao 7). However, the country still faced a number of challenges as in 2009, new AIDs cases were seen to increases among gay men, poor women and young people in smaller cities where civil society advocacy and health system were weakest. In addition to this, infection rates were observed to increase in towns and cities were the HIV/AIDs programs were

Computer Hardware, Systems Software & Networking Essay

Computer Hardware, Systems Software & Networking - Essay Example U) and its associated registers that hold the data that is being operated upon and a memory area referred to as Random access memory (RAM) in which any memory location can be read or written upon. The CPU is capable of differentiating the type of content that is stored in memory i.e. whether they are instructions or data. Schematic presentation of the sequential architecture can be exhibited by the figure on the left. A raster graphic is created by combining many small points of information. An easy way to think of a raster graphic is to picture an image in a comic book that is made up of many small dots of color. Depending on the number of dots, the quality of the picture is determined. The raster graphic arrangement can also be referred to as an arrangement of an array of pixels that combine to display an image. A vector graphic is also a picture but the information is communicated in another way. To use another childish example, a vector graphic is like a dot-to-dot. It uses geometrical primitives such points, lines, curves and shapes or polygons which are all based on mathematical equations to represent images. Thus, it has important points that determine what the picture will look like. In Flash, we create vector graphics when we turn pictures into symbols. Since the computer only has to store the information about the key points in the graphic, the size of these images is much smaller than that of a raster graphic which stores information about each individual point. For conversion to Hexa decimal we have to make groups of 4 digits. For integer portion the orientation is right to left with padded zeros on the left most sides. For fractional portion the orientation of grouping is reversed ie from right to left considering point (.) as origin. The chart is given as reference. 6. Reduced instruction set computers provide a large number of general-purpose registers and very few memory access instructions. Most instructions use registers instead of

Final Project on Maternity Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Final Project on Maternity Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Final Project on Maternity Fashion" concerns the maternity fashion. The idea of maternity wear in the modern sense of the word came first time around the middle of the 19th century when it was thought that such unmentionable circumstances as pregnancy had better stay hidden. This idea then evolved into a whole industry curtailing to the need of the modern pregnant woman. It offers women who are pregnant comfortable, trendy and everyday maternity clothing. The most inconvenient thing during pregnancy is the process of modifying dresses to the ever increasing stomach or choosing what to wear that would not look like a tent. Today a pregnant woman does not need to wear her husband’s clothes to hide her which will male her look dowdy and uncouth. Also she does not need to wear dresses made as if there was only one standard model called pregnant and nothing else. In the contemporary world, the options for pregnant women to choose from are humongous. Maternity clothing un derstands that some women like to show off their bump while other modest conservative women might think otherwise. During the nine month period of pregnancy women undergo several bodily changes. Till the first three to four months, for most women, this change is not apparent. However, from the fourth month onwards changes become unmistakable. The belly and hips begin to enlarge, for most women, there is a swelling and the body begins to bloat. Maternity clothing is manufactured to cater for the expanding breasts.... Obviously it also caters for the bump that is sitting out in front. Amongst pregnant women, some of them might have brownish or yellowish patches known as "mask of pregnancy," on their faces. There might also be some dark lines in the center of their lower abdomen. Also there is darkening of the skin of the nipples, external genitalia, and anal region. The above symptoms are a result of changes in the hormones during the pregnancy. The pigmentation might not be even in nature; therefore, the skin may darken in the areas where the patches appear. This pigmentation cannot be prevented but its effect can be minimized applying sunscreen and avoidance of ultraviolet rays. Acne is another skin problem during this nine month cycle because the skin oil production increases. It is not only pimples which appear on the face or the body, but moles and freckles which had been lighter earlier might darken in response to this increase in oiliness. The area around the nipple also darkens in color which is permanent. But all the other skin problems disappear after delivery. SWOT ANANLYSIS S-Strengths Our maternity line focuses on developing a relationship with the customer. It is one-on-one basis, where customers' needs are individually catered. The life span our product line is not short as the clothes bought during pregnancy can also be utilized afterwards with provision of pre- and post-natal services. A customized line for our customers is also developed, to fulfill their special needs accordingly. This customization can be done on the basis of color, design, size, texture or any other feature that the customer may require. The focus is not just maternity clothing, but out brand aims at the emancipation of the pregnant women with full range of

Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation Essay Example for Free

Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation Essay Social networking also referred to as social media. The growing usage of social media indicates a potentially effective new platform for advertisers. Social Media, today, is among the ‘best opportunities available’ to a brand for connecting with Prospective consumers. Social media is the medium to socialize. These new media win the trust of consumers by connecting with them at a deeper level. Social media marketing is the new mantra for several brands since early last year. Marketers are taking note of many different social media opportunities and beginning to implement new social initiatives at a higher rate than ever before. Social media marketing and the businesses that utilize it have become more sophisticated. One cannot afford to have no presence on the social channels if the competitor is making waves with its products and services. The explosion of social media phenomenon is as mind boggling as that and the pace at which it is growing is maddening. Global companies have recognized social media marketing as a potential marketing platform, utilized them with innovations to power their advertising campaign with social media marketing. - KEY WORDS: Social networking, Marketers, Socialize, Media SOCIAL NETWORKING Social networking, also referred to as social media, encompasses many Internet-based tools that make it easier for people to listen, interact, engage and collaborate with each other. Social networking platforms such as Face book, MySpace, YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter, blogs, message boards, Wikipedia and countless others are catching on like wildfire. People use social networking to share recipes, photos, ideas and to keep friends updated on our lives. SOCIAL NETWORKING IN MARKETING Social media marketing refers to the process of gaining traffic or attention through social media sites. Social media itself is a catch-all term for sites that may provide radically different social actions. For instance, Twitter is a social site designed to let people share short messages or â€Å"updates† with others. Face book, in contrast is a full-blown social networking site that allows for sharing updates, photos, joining events and a variety of other activities. ORIGINATION OF SOCIAL NETWORKING According to a BBC Radio 4 documentary, the origins of social networking can be traced back to the 1970s. While conducting research for the radio show, The Secret History of Social Networking, the BBC’s Technology Correspondent, Rory Cellan-Jones, found that in 1973 the owner of a record shop in Berkeley California placed an analogue computer in his store and invited people to come in and type messages. The computer quickly became a popular attraction, especially amongst University of California students who would come in to the store to post messages and take part in discussions on the analogue machine. One of the first social networking Web sites, launched in 1997, was SixDegrees. com. This site started the trend of enabling users to create personal profiles and make lists of their friends. Two years after the fall of Six Degrees, Live Journal offered authors options to add a list of friends to their profile page. Other early social networking sites include Friendster and online dateing service Ryze. MySpace launched in 2003. However, the site didnt start drawing the attention of the masses until well into 2004, due largely in part to MySpace changes that allowed teenagers to join the social network. Since their introduction, social networking sites (SNS) have attracted millions of users, whereby many people integrate these sites into their daily practices. The conception of Googlebuzz. com has been recently introduced to rival the likes of facebook, which has 350 million users. Here is a timeline to show the progress of the social networking world. 1995: Classmates. com is a social media website created by Randy Conrad. The website helps members find, connect and keep in touch with friends and acquaintances from school life. Classmates has more than 40 million active members in the US and Canada. In early 2008, Nielson Online ranked Classmates as number 3 in unique monthly visitors among social networking sites. 1997: Sixdegrees. com was named after the six degrees of separation concept and allowed users to list friends, family members and acquaintances and see their connection with any other user on the site. It was one of the first manifestations of a social networking websites in the format now seen today. Sixdegrees closed in 2007. At its height, the website had about a million users. 1999: Cyworld. com is a South Korean social networking service. Users can have â€Å"apartment like† spaces which make for a sim-world like experience. The ‘cy’ in Cyworld could stand for Cyber; however, it also plays on the Korean word for relationship. A 2005 survey showed that 25% of South Korea was users. 2002: Friendster. com has over 115 million registered users and over 61 million unique visitors per global month. Over 90% of friendster’s traffic comes from Asia. The website is also used for dating, discovering new events, bands and hobbies. 2003: Myspace. com launched after eUniverse employees with Friendster saw its potential and mimicked the more popular features of the social networking site. Myspace became the most popular social networking site in US 2006. The 100th million account was created on August 9 2006. 2005: Bebo. com is an acronym for â€Å"blog early, blog often†. It is similar to other networking sites; the site must include two specific modules, a comment section and a list of users’ friends. The site claims 40 million users. 2006: Facebook. com is the most popular social networking site boasting 350 million users. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg who studied at Harvard University. The websites membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges. Facebook has met with some controversy being blocked in countries such as, China, Syria and Iran. The original concept for Facebook came from the colloquial name for books given out at the start of the academic year by universities designed to help students get to know one another better. 2006: Twitter. com is a social networking site that that enables its users to send and read messages known as â€Å"tweets†. Tweets are text based posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the authors profile page and are delivered to the author’s subscribers known as followers. It is sometimes described as the â€Å"SMS of the internet† and is widely popular with about 5 million users. ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN MARKETING: Social media is now increasingly becoming an ingrained aspect of political campaigns, national defence strategies, public policy, public relations, brand management and even intra company communication. Since the major task of marketing as tool used to inform consumers about the company’s products, who they are and what they offer, social marketing plays an important role in marketing.  · Social media can be used to provide an identity about the companies and the products or services that they offer.  · Social media helps in creating relationships with people who might not otherwise know about the products or service or what the companies represent.  · Social media makes companies â€Å"real† to consumers. If they need not just talk about the latest product news, but share their personality with them.  · Social media can be used to associate themselves with their peers that may be serving the same target market.  · Social media can be used to communicate and provide the interaction that consumer look for. THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN MARKETING According to comScore, a marketing research company that tracks Internet traffic, social networking sites accounted for 13. 8 billion display ad impressions in August 2009, representing more than 25 percent of all display ads viewed online, in a study of U. K. online display advertising on social networking sites. Social media is changing the way marketing is done. No longer can marketers rely on putting out one general message to the public. In Malaysia, 80% of affluent Malaysians use social networking sites. The opinions of bloggers and friends have become more influential than advertisements. Using social media allows businesses to reduce cost on marketing or connect with customers. A number of Malaysian companies use social network to promote their product or service. A recent example is mobile operator DiGi who used social networking to create awareness on mobile broadband. One of the many campaigns DiGi did was Pimp My Broadband which was a contest allowing people to post up creative videos to the site. DiGi used mostly Face book and Twitter to spread the word and communicate with people. In another example, the Prudential insurance company was running in December 2009 a contest for which people were asked to guess the retirement fund a fictional character named Adam would need to retire comfortably. This campaign was heavily promoted over social networks and blogs. Most organisations have jumped onto the social networking bandwagon. Large and small organisations alike maintain Facebook fan pages and groups. The leading budget travel airline, AirAsia, has more than 20 different Facebook pages and groups that promote some aspect of their service. It also has Twitter feeds as well as its own social network located at www. airasia. ning. com. The results have been impressive. It claims to lead all other airlines with a fan base of approximately 100,000. The AirAsia blog is ranked as the world’s second most popular blog site by an airline while CEO Tony Fernandes’ blog is the most popular in Malaysia by a corporate leader. Its YouTube site is very popular while its Twitter account has 15,500 followers. AirAsia’s investment of time and effort to reach out socially to Internet users must be bringing results; it recently announced plans to launch a brand new social network for travellers. The Nielsen Company estimates online advertising spent on the top social network and blogging sites increased 119 percent, from approximately USD49 million in August 2008 to approximately USD108 million in August 2009. Businesses and professionals are also connecting with one another on social networks. It has become commonplace for professionals to maintain accounts at LinkedIn. Using that platform, businessmen are able to find contacts that they can trust as introductions come from people they know and trust. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING IN INDIA AN OVERVIEW India has 71 million active internet users. Social Media is really picking up new heights in India. Many companies are coming big way for Social Media Optimization for their Product or Services nowadays. During Election 2009 Social Media was used for Influence Indian Voters. Social Media Marketing in India is being undertaken by brands like Tata Docomo, MTV India, Channel V, Clear Trip, Tata Photon, Axe deodorants, Microsoft, Naukri, Shaadi and many more. Besides, numerous Indian celebrities are also using SMM platform to promote their movies, music and events via Twitter, Facebook and personalized blogs. Social Media Marketing is also boosting public relations business. Several PR agencies in India are undertaking brand building exercises for corporate organizations, brands and celebrities. However, to the delight of many among us, the biggest gainers from SMM till date have been the organizations from the Not-for- Profit sector. Several Campaigns like ‘Bell Bajao’ and ‘Jaago Re’ have been quite successful on Social Networking Sites. These campaigns have been spreading the word about their cause through blogs, Twitter and Facebook. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING STRATEGIES: SMM is still in its infancy. Most of the online retailers though appreciate its positives fallouts on the brand awareness and promotion; they are still in the early stages of adoption. For an organization willing to invest in social media marketing, it is important to understand why SMM is an important marketing strategy and how it can help: This is the age of consumer satisfaction. It is not about selling it is more about interacting. There is a lot to learn from the customers. Using social media one can identify customers, listen to their feedback and use them to improve and innovate on products or services. SMM is not a mass advertising strategy. It can be used to identify peer groups and advertise to that particular group. Social Media can help in identifying influencers and through them one can guide a prospective customer into making a purchase. SMM calls for novel advertising methods as the attention span of online junta is very low. This is largely due to the multitasking phenomena. A person watching a video clip on YouTube might be simultaneously updating a blog, while reading another one and watching friend’s photographs on Facebook. In order to garner their attention away from distractions the advertisement must be innovative and interesting to hold the imagination and attention of the prospect. At the same time the message must also provoke the recipient into action; like seeking a detailed description of the product/service, or suggesting to a friend, or initiating purchase. So, if the advertisement is trying to sell something then it should be conveniently placed with links so that the prospect can make a purchase with least effort. Similarly Social Media can be used to increase customer loyalty through customer support services and hence improve customer retention. Social Media Marketing can also be used by brands to ward off any negative publicity. But the brands will have to be cautious here as over doing it may further aggravate their customers / stakeholders. There are many things that social media can do for business. Developing a strategy for using it means that the firms need to think about what they want to accomplish this year and determine how social media fits into the plan. One of the benefits of a social media strategy is the fact that the available tools can customized for their particular needs. The firms can choose to concentrate their efforts on the sites that seem to offer the best return on investment, while taking a â€Å"wait and see† stand on the others. Better Marketing Communications Any marketing campaign is only as good as its effectiveness in reaching the client. As the saying goes, you can have the best product in the world but its success depends on its reach to the customers. One advantage that social media networks such as Twitter, Blogspot, MySpace and Facebook possess is that of cross-communication. In other words, much of the information is shared across different social sites. In the past, marketing strategies would target a certain audience based on the resources available. These days, however, if a company has a profile page on Facebook, for example, cross talk alone can generate interest, because of the fluidity of social media websites. Social media sites have helped do away with many geographical and communicative borders; companies who have listings with these sites can place themselves in a position where such communication can be just as effective as a targeted marketing campaign. In the same way, if one person subscribes to a certain company’s web page, it is likely his or her friends will see it and too may become interested. Qualified potential clients can come to the company rather than the other way around! Higher Customer Satisfaction When a company is seen as being active on social media sites, it has just established itself as having its proverbial â€Å"finger on the pulse† of modern society. In a very real way, people take notice and assume that the company has something to say, that it is part of the community rather than simply a static web page. By posting regular updates that subscribers can see, business can appeal to their tastes and, more importantly, that business also has the ability to follow trends and change strategies based on the requirement. A keen observation is always essential for these updates. A close association with current scenario and trends will align the business people to more accurately cater to their audience’s needs. In the past, a happy customer was a customer who could become a regular customer. Today, a happy customer or client has the ability to recommend a company to others grouped under similar target audience. Social networks can accomplish much of the work that in the past was allocated to the more traditional e-mail campaigns. Stronger Financial Returns This final factor should be the most obvious and, at the same time, the most motivating. It only stands to reason that with a larger target base, sales and publicity will naturally increase. One important thing to remember is that there are few if any costs when dealing with social sites. In the past, domain names came with a price tag. Even more relevant was the financial burden which often accompanied building a very good website (web design, maintenance, updates, etc). When a company takes advantage of social media, on the other hand, not only does exposure increase if done in the right manner, but also the financial obligation is little, if any. Why, then, are more businesses not taking full advantage of the tools in front of them? One of the issues is that many out there still consider the social media market a â€Å"niche† sector and haven’t fully implemented their campaigns to include social networking as a part of the overall strategy. Other companies state that not all of their employees are open to newer technologies. Still others just don’t have correct media policies in place; i. e. what can be said, how it can be said, the chain of command to approve updates†¦the list can go on and on. The main issue tends to revolve around the adaptation to changing technologies and sources of revenue. CONCLUSION: There is no escaping social media these days, either for individuals or for businesses. Today, it is impossible to separate social media from the online world. Companies are diverting resources and rethinking their traditional outreach strategies. And as the social media wave dissipates into the vast ocean of connected experiences, the term itself will become an entry in dictionaries and encyclopaedias and we will embark on a new era of knowledge, accessibility and experiences unbound by distance, time or physical walls. It is high time that every business adopts social media and takes it seriously!

Is Nick a Good Narrator Essay Example for Free

Is Nick a Good Narrator Essay As the teller of facts for all of his observations, Nick proves to be a reliable narrator for this story. He is unaffected by what goes on around him, despite people bringing him into personal situations. Nick is factual with details. He is as well, a very private person though, and tells us little of himself during the events. In telling us about his growing up years shows us that Nick has learned many admirable things. In Chapter 1 he tells us how he was raised and the advices given him by his father. These included council on how to speak to people in general. As quoted by Nick, his father told him â€Å" ‘Whenever you feel like criticizing any one’ he told me, ‘just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had. ’ â€Å" He admits to us here that â€Å"In consequence I’m inclined to reserve all judgments†. He did not appear to like being drawn into drama and would avoid it at all cost. The abnormal mind is quick to detect and attach itself to this quality when it appears in a normal person, and so it came about that in college I was unjustly accused of being a politician, because I was privy to the secret griefs of wild, unknown men. Most of the con? dences were unsought frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or a hostile levity when I realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon. † When describing events, Nick seems again unattached. He tells us what people wear, what they say and how they say it, with much emotion. On his own home in the af? uent area that he had moved (Chapter 2) â€Å"My own house was an eye-sore, but it was a small eye-sore, and it had been overlooked, so I had a view of the water, a partial view of my neighbor’s lawn, and the consoling proximity of millionaires all for eighty dollars a month. When he tells us about Tom he explains (Chapter 2) â€Å"His speaking voice, a gruff husky tenor, added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed. There was a touch of paternal contempt in it, even toward people he liked—and there were men at New Haven who had hated his guts. When he introduces Daisy and Jordon for the ? rst time in (Chapter 2) â€Å"The only completely stationary object in the room was an enormous couch on which two young women were buoyed up as though upon an anchored Is Nick a good Narrator? ESSAY THE GREAT GATSBY! PJD balloon. They were both in white and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had just been blown back in after a short flight around the house. † he then goes on with further detail â€Å"The younger of the two was a stranger to me. She was extended full length at her end of the divan, completely motionless and with her chin raised a little as if she were balancing something on it which was quite likely to fall. If she saw me out of the corner of her eyes she gave no hint of it—indeed, I was almost surprised into murmuring an apology for having disturbed her by coming in. The other girl, Daisy, made an attempt to rise—she leaned slightly forward with a conscientious expression— then she laughed, an absurd, charming little laugh, and I laughed too and came forward into the room. The only time we see him express any real emotion is when he realizes that they are all sitting around doing a lot of nothing except to anger and upset each other and that not one person has wished him a ‘Happy Birthday’ that day. He himself, until that moment had forgotten that he turned 30 on that extraordinarily hot day (Chapter 7) â€Å"‘No I just remembered that today’s my birthday. ’ I was thirty. Before me stretched the portentous menacing road of a new decade. † Nick’s privacy is highlighted in events that have taken place in the novel, but not carried forward with any great detail. Though he describes his college year, followed by his time in the army and going to war, he leaves a lot of personal things out. The ? rst couple of things that stand out regarding his personal privacy. He makes friends with a co-worker and after knowing each other a very short time, the two decide to rent a house together in the country. The friend is shipped off to Washington by the ? rm immediately on renting â€Å"a weather beaten cardboard bungalow at eighty a month†. In that same paragraph, we learn that Nick has a dog with him â€Å"at least I had him for a few days until he ran away. Nor does he talk about having a girlfriend out west or someone that he has befriended at very least, though in Chapter 2 after he meets his cousin Daisy, her husband (and Nick’s former classmate) Tom and their friend Jordan Baker (a Is Nick a good Narrator? ESSAY THE GREAT GATSBY! PJD professional golfer). Daisy suddenly says to Nick, as he is leaving â€Å" ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important. We heard you were engaged to a girl out West. ’ â€Å" Nick wards of the question saying â€Å" ‘It’s libel. I’m too poor. â€Å" He then goes on privately that he was aware of this story, but that it was not true. He says â€Å"The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east. † He only refers to the woman at hand as an â€Å"old friend†. Nick spoke with clarity on the events of the summer. He described in detail, the costuming and events, the locations and people. Nick seemed unbiased and disconnected in an unemotional way, until the events of his own birthday. Overall, Nick seemed to have a good grasp of the people and events of that summer, while leaving details of himself to be determined.

Singapore buying a car

Singapore buying a car Executive Summary The main objective of this project is to find exposed of the diverse factors influencing on the consumer decision and consumer behaviour while buying a car in the age group of 25 to 50 in the city of Singapore. On the deeply discussion on the background its talk about various factors that guides us to understand this research and study and how and to whom and where this project report will benefit. Objectives talks about the different types of the data which could be generate by the research project and how these data is relevant. (Srivastava). The automobile industry in Singapore has shown a great potential in manufacturing an innovative and creative car, but from last two to three years registarion of the new vehicle in Singapores decline has worsened , rather than showing the sign of recovery its going down. Sales of 2009 looked like off to a poor start Q109 falling 12% as compared to the same period last year. According to the statistics analysis by the motors traders ‘ association of Singapore declair that by october sale was running 25% lower than the first 10 months of last year at 76,408 units.In 10M09 , Toyota Motors , Lexus brand , the overall market also got off to poor start with a only 25% share of new consumer vehicale registration is done. And that time after toyota Honda motors place the second with 14% of market share , third is hundai with 10.3% market share (Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010, 2010). There are so many up and downs in atomobiles industries . Due to these changes in automobile industry market, there is a need to identify and find out the reason for change of the consumer purchasing pattern . And this study aims to conclude the infuencing factor of consumer decion while buying a car in a age gruop of 25 to 50 in the city of China town. For this project we are totaly concentrated on the consumer behavior and the focus group of the people. And i was trying to find out the what consumer wants the specific quality in their car (Srivastava). And after analysis we get the result that people are highly involved in the purchase decision of a car. Introduction Singapore is most important profitable hub in the Asian cub-continent. One of the most leading industries in Singapore is Automobile industries. It is one of the leading and most stylish in Asia and in whole world which provides an innovative and latest technology not only in country but also to the global market. Many of the biggest and large automobile industries are depend on the Singapore automobile industries (Jackman, 2010). Singapore market offers opportunities in the automobile company, which continue to grow. Recent investment reflects the importance of Singapore as a major manufacturing base, especially for the production of higher value added engineering system. Many multinational corporations set up international offices for source high quality and competitively proved automotive parts. They all have established headquarters in Singapore to coordinate manufacturing and distribution operation for region (Singapore, 2008) The automobile industries in Singapore has shown enormous potential for intensification from last few years and its also helped in strengthening the countrys trade dealings with America and Europe (Jackman, 2010). In 2008 the market trend of new vehicle registration in Singapore finished Q109 by 12%. This was the sign of improvement. But in 2009 the number of the registration became limited to 73,830 compared with registration of 97,348 cars last years (Singapore Autos Report , 2004). We had just gone through recently published report on Singapore Automobile industry , and according to that report , compare to last decaes 2009 gots very poor trend in automobile industries. Rather than recovery its going down. At the beginning of 2009 it gots off to poor start , ragistration falls down 12% as compared to last decaes (Just Published: Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010, 2010). There was then a dramatic additonal degeneration in Q209, which decipher into a 20.7% y-o-y fall in new car registration for H109 , to a volume of 49, 619, according to statistics complies by the MTAS (Motor Traders Asscoication of Singapore). The severe worsening in sales dimensions and new automobile registrations has beaded expectations, especially prearranged a financial incentive packge reveal by Singapores authorities and the contribution of incentives by delaership to clear accumulation inventories. Against these conditions, BMI (Business Monitor International ) has formerly again amend our forecasts for 2009 downwards. According to forcasting it assumed that new vehicle registation in 2010 is for rise of 3.2% y-o-y , to a total of 94,644 registrations. Howerver lack of trading and registration of new vehicle in singapore placed third in 2009 in production. Toyota, honda, all these are very reputed and famous brand . in last decades overall market for Toyota is only 25% share, which ranked first placed , Honda motors sits in second place with a market share of 14%. Hundai is in third place with 10.3% up from 9% in H109. Kia is fourth with 6.6% , up from 4.8% in H109, while Nissan (5.6%) is fifth (Just Published: Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010, 2010). Models of Car in Singapore automobile industries Maruti Cars Maruti Cars Hyundai Cars Hyundai Cars Honda Cars Honda Cars Tata Cars Tata Cars Chevrolet Cars Chevrolet Cars Ford Cars Ford Cars Toyota Cars Toyota Cars Mahindra Cars Mahindra Cars Skoda Cars Skoda Cars Audi Cars Audi Cars bentley Cars Bentley Cars BMW Cars BMW Cars Fiat Cars Fiat Cars Hindustan Motors Cars Hindustan Motors Cars ICML Cars ICML Cars Jaguar Cars Jaguar Cars Lamborghini Cars Lamborghini Cars Land Rover Cars Land Rover Cars Mahindra Renault Cars Mahindra Renault Cars Maybach Cars Maybach Cars Mercedes Benz Cars Mercedes Benz Cars Mitsubishi Cars Mitsubishi Cars Nissan Cars Nissan Cars Porsche Cars Porsche Cars Premier Cars Premier Cars Reva Cars Reva Cars Rolls Royce Cars Rolls Royce Cars San Motors Cars San Motors Cars Volkswagen Cars Volkswagen Cars Volvo Cars Volvo Cars Theoretical framework Consumer Buying Behavior Consumer behavior is a challenging task to analyze the consumer. It depends upon the choice of customer what they want to buy and what they dont want to buy. This influences us to analyze better on consumer decision making process. Its necessary to know how the consumer is making the decision at time of purchasing the product. Every person has its own choices, ideas, psychology for buying a product. When I came to know about the project on consumer buying behavior I found it very interesting achievement for me as guided by my professor I got the success to complete the given task. (Consumer Buying Behavior) Why customers buy products? As we all know that a consumer buy product to satisfy the needs and his desire .some of its needs are necessary for our daily routine life and some needs are based on the customer demand. For buying a car a customer needs influences about the car. There are two types of car:- Internal influences External influences I have include both type of influences in my survey Following are the sources where a consumer gets information: Personal sources-family, friends, neighbors etc. Commercial sources: advertising; salespeople; retailers; dealers; packaging; point-of-sale displays. Public sources: newspapers, radio, television, consumer organizations; specialist magazines Experiential sources: handling, examining, using the produce How do consumers buy? This model is used for making marketing decision. It used in buying process rather than for purchasing. In first step the consumer identifies the requirement of needs. At this step consumer analyze that we should buy a car or not. After this the searching of getting information starts. A consumer more influence buy the word of mouth coming out rather than other sources like advertising, internet etc. After this its important that how does the customer use the information obtained. This is an important aspect that how a consumer analyze the information received. High-involvement purchases include those involving high expenditure or personal risk for example a car. Why should a marketer need to understand the customer evaluation process? The answer lies in the kind of information that the marketing team needs to provide consumer in different buying situations. In high-involvement decisions, the marketer needs to provide a good deal of information about the positive consequences of buying. The sales force may need to stress the important attributes of the product, the advantages compared with the competition; and maybe even encourage â€Å"trial† or â€Å"sampling† of the product in the hope of securing the sale. Post-purchase evaluation Cognitive Dissonance This is a final target of consumer post-purchase evaluation of the decision. A consumer needs to take experience of all its concern after making a decision. This is known as â€Å"cognitive dissonance†. For managing the job of post purchase it is compulsory for the marketing team to influence the maximum potential consumer that the product will satisfy its needs. After the purchase of product the consumer should encourage that it had made a correct decision. According to my survey; Which model of car do you own? * Which factor is most important to you while choosing a car? Cross tabulation Count Which factor is most important to you while choosing a car? Brand Image Price after sale services Good mileage Superior quality Overall body look Others Total Which model of car do you own? TOYOTA 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 HYUNDAI 1 22 9 0 0 0 0 32 HONDA 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 18 CHEVROLET 0 0 4 7 1 0 0 12 Others 0 0 0 0 3 5 3 11 Total 28 22 31 7 4 5 3 100 My aim is to know about the main perception of consumer about the car. According to the above mentioned table and my survey first main focus of the consumer is the brand image after that price comes and third sale -service comes. In china consumers are basically focusing on luxury cars because brand image is most important for buying a car. I want to know about the customer perception about car, after analyzing the table we conclude that for purchasing a car most of customers focuses on first Brand image second Price and third on after sale services. In china town city customer likes to spend their money on luxury car because brand image is most important for buying a car. Focus Group: In focus groups, a moderator uses a scripted series of questions or topics to lead a discussion among a group of people. These sessions take place at neutral locations, usually at facilities with videotaping equipment and an observation room with one-way mirrors. A focus group usually lasts one to two hours, and it takes at least three groups to get balanced results. Focus group is also called as group discussion or group interview we could say that interaction between the one or more respondent and one or more researchers for collecting the research data (Focus Groups) .Focus group is generally talks about the * How group of people talks about their interest. * motivate new ideas * exploratory research How to conduct a focus group? For conducting a focus group there are few steps which we have to follow for achieving accurate and satisfactory results. 1. Define Purpose: Defining purpose means for starting a project first we need to understand why we are doing this project. To find out what is thinking of people? And why do we want to know that? If we able to understand these three question it will make our prices easier to go to next step. We need to be clear about our project. Purpose of my project is that I want to know about the consumer buying behavior and at the time of purchasing a car how customer make purchasing decisions? 2. Establish timelines: A focus group cannot be generating overnight. We should start planning for each and every stage of Process. For our project we gather the information about the Singapore car industries. We develop the questionnaire, and fixed the deadline for that. 3. Invite the participant : In my project I have develop 15 questions. And I have done 100 questionnaires. 4. Create questionnaire and select location: I have design 15 question. Some are the personal questions and some are questions related to a car. And for our survey I had chosen Singapore. Age * Gender Cross tabulation Count Gender Male Female Total Age 18 to 25 10 0 10 26 to 35 28 0 28 36 to 50 29 16 45 Above 50 0 17 17 Total 67 33 100 I have focus 26 to 50 age group of people. I got 100 respondent apart from 100 their 67 % are male and rest are females. 45 % of people comes under the 36 top 50 age group were 29 are male and rest are females. According to survey we calculate that 73 % of respondent are from 26 to 50 age group were 57 % are male and 16 % are female. Age * Occupation Crosstab Count Occupation Student Housewife Professional Self Employed Executive IT/ BPO Others Total Age 18 to 25 6 4 0 0 0 10 26 to 35 0 3 25 0 0 28 36 to 50 0 0 23 22 0 45 Above 50 0 0 0 7 10 17 Total 6 7 48 29 10 100 The above table shows the relation between the age and occupation. According to our survey there are 45 % of respondent from 36 to 50 age of group and their occupations are professionals and self employed. Means income level must be high in this group of people. And they can buy luxury and branded car. Postal Questionnaire Questionnaire is a list of written questions, there are two types of questionnaire, first were respondent could asked to complete the question with researcher not present, these types of questionnaire is called as postal questionnaire. And secondly respondent could asked to complete question with research present is called as structured interview (Sociological Research Skills). Questionnaires are restricted two types: Close ended: In this type researcher provides a list of suitable response (Sociological Research Skills). Open ended: in this type researcher not provide any suitable list of response to the response dent .respondent asked to write the answer in their own way (Sociological ResearchSkills). For my project I am using postal questionnaire because I am a student and I am not able to go each and every places of Singapore. One of the most reliable methods of research is postal questionnaire, because it is very easy for me to standardize and analyze the questions. Each respondent answered exactly same question. And I am using close ended questioner in this type there is no misinterpret of answer. Because respondent are restricted to give only multiple choices answer (Sociological Research Skills). Sample of Questions: Postal Questionnaire Name: ________________ Age: ___________________ Gender: M/F Occupation: ______________ Income: __________________ 1. Which model of car do you own? Toyota Hyundai Honda Chevrolet Others 2. Which factor is most important to you while choosing a car? Brand Image Price After Sales Services Good Mileage Superior Quality Overall Body Look Others 3. Which color would you prefer? White Black Silver Gray Read Blue Others 4. How much will you be ready to spend on a car? $48,999 to $51,999 $52,099 to $92,299 $93,000 to $147,000 $150,800 to $187,800 Above $187,800 5. Would you be ready to pay premium charges for additional services? Yes_______ No________ Totally satisfied Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Very dissatisfied Totally dissatisfied 6. SATISFACTION ABOUT THE SHOWROOM a) How satisfied are you with the ease of contacting the person who is entertaining you? b) How satisfied are you with the way problems were solved? c) How satisfied are you with information clarity about the car? d) How much are you satisfied with the products and services offered by Dealer? e) According to you how much are you satisfied with after sales services of the company? f) Were you satisfied with the extra benefits provided by the dealer/sales person? g) How much are you satisfied with the finance service provided here? (Where totally satisfied means 5 points, very satisfied 4, somewhat satisfied 3, very dissatisfied 2 and totally dissatisfied means 1 point) 7. Do you think that the delivery of cars was made in time? YES_____ NO_____ 8. Are you satisfied with staff working here? YES____ NO______ 9. Do you think the staff working here has proper knowledge? YES_____ NO_____ DONT KNOW______ 10. Before buying a car from here were you offered a test drive? YES_____ NO_____ 11. What was that single most important reason for initially buying the car of this brand or from this dealer? Advertisements Recommended by others Location Quality product 5 4 3 2 1 12. On a scale of 1 to 5 how would you rate you overall purchase experience? 13. Based on your overall experience how likely would you be to purchase another vehicle of this brand/dealer, if you have to replace within a year? Definitely would Probably would Might be or not Probably would not Definitely would not 14. How much are you satisfied with the performance off your car? Totally satisfied _____ Very satisfied _____ Somewhat satisfied ______ Very dissatisfied ______ Totally dissatisfied ______ 15. Do you think that your car is better than cars of others companies in this segment? Yes____ no____ Anaysis : Form finding I anlyse that purchsing a car consumer get anxiety because its not a product which used in day to day life , mostly people purchaed occasionally. And often purchase process involves the negotiation with dealer or sles person , Which need to gather lots of infromation regarding car. Most of consumer spend their lots of tim at buying because its high economy and stress could be high. According to 100 survey with singaporean , consumer ranked the following factors which are most important for taking decion for buying car. * Sales after service * Brand image * Vehicle relaibilty * Driving performance * Saftey rating * Car price infromation According to my survey Singapore car are cheapest in reality market place, compared to USA, japan , and European countries because of singapore Government ploicy. There are 100 of automobiles dealers in singapore who provides the aggressive and superior services to owners of car. Conclusion and Recommendations Since Singapore Automobile industry market is continuously in the prowl of swelling as a biggest car manufacturer, people are like to buy car as there is growth of income of normal people as well as preferences of consumer. It is very important for the car dealer or car manufacturer to understand the different feature affecting the amount in car buying behavior. According to finding and analysis of data about the consumer satisfaction of showroom its rated as 3. its consist the information provided by dealer or sales person ; service after sale, before buying allow for test drive, providing extra premium changes; and latest technology are mostly affecting the car procuring behavior. People are most conscious about spot information which is given by dealer and sales person who serves according to needs and want of the each and every customer. Sales after services, safety, brand image and reasonable price are one of the important factors for consumer. Factor two contain family needs wh ich includes income level, brand image, insurance facility, credit card acceptance is also affects the customer car procuring decisions. Factor three contains location of car dealer shop, looks availability of services provided by car dealer. Overall various internal and external factors like extra facilities , infrastructure of showroom ,location of showroom, various information provided by car dealer , promotions and media , features of car , latest technology, its all contributing in making car buying behavior of costumer. Bibliography Carmen Moreno, M. R. (n.d.). FOCUS GROUP RESEARCH REPORT. National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute . Chung, J. W. (2003). Marketing in Singapore: Macro Trends and their Implications for marketing management. Focus Group Fundamentals. (2004, May). Methodology Brief . Focus Groups. (n.d.). Research Consultation Guidelines . Jackman, L. (2010). Automotive Industry In Singapore. Retrieved February wedness, 2010, from ABC Article Directory : http://www.abcarticledirectory.com/Article/Automotive-Industry-In-Singapore/84713 Just Published: Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010. (2010, january). Retrieved february monday, 2010, from PR- Inside.com : http://www.pr-inside.com/just-published-singapore-autos-report-r1652208.htm Singapore. (2008, May). USAutoTeam.org . Singapore Autos Report . (2004). Retrieved February Tuesaday, 2010, from Bharat Book Bureau: http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Singapore-Autos-Report.html Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010. (2010). (Aroq Ltd) Retrieved February monday, 2010, from Just Auto: http://www.just-auto.com/store/product.aspx?id=83575 Sociological Research Skills. (n.d.). Research Methods , 4. Srivastava, A. K. (n.d.). Marketing Research Project on. Consumer Buying Behavior. (n.d.). Simon, J. S. (1999). How to conduct a focus group. 10. Basics of Conducting Focus Groups. (1997-2010). Retrieved February Monday, 2010, from http://managementhelp.org/evaluatn/focusgrp.htm Focus group. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_group Focus Group Transcription. (2006). Retrieved January Wednessday, 2010, from Transciption star: http://www.transcriptionstar.com/focus-group.html Focus groups how to run them. (2006, June). (Webcredible, 99 Mansell Street, London, E1 8AX, U) Retrieved February Tuesday, 2010, from Webcredible: http://www.webcredible.co.uk/user-friendly-resources/web-usability/focus-groups.shtml Focus Groups . (2000). Retrieved January Monday, 2010, from Six Sigma: http://www.isixsigma.com/vc/focus_groups/ Consumer Behavior Articles. (1995-2009). Retrieved February 22, Monday, 2010, from Science daily: http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/mind_brain/consumer_behavior/ Marketing: Consumer Behavior. (n.d.). Retrieved February Monday, 2010, from Working Knowledge: http://hbswk.hbs.edu/topics/all-consumerbehavior.html.

Essay examples --

When you are walking down Main Street, what are you looking at? Storefronts are the main attraction to every one’s eyes as they stroll down the street. They have the power to draw you in or push you away. You can tell a lot about what the store is by what their name is, things in the windows, signs, etc. This is what makes all storefronts unique and different from all other buildings, they tell you exactly what is inside without you having to walk in and discover it for yourself. The storefront is the most important architectural feature of all commercial buildings. It plays a very large role in the store’s advertising and merchandise that draws customers and increase business. The storefront is the most commonly altered feature of a building for this reason. These changes can completely change the building’s architectural features that make up its historical features. The history of storefronts go all the way back into the 1700’s. The Wild West days back in the 1800’s when cowboys and outlaws roamed the free new land are we will start. Saloons, general stores, black- smiths, gunsmiths, etc. all had storefronts telling the cowboys and travelers what their store was. They all had windows you could peek into and see what each had to offer. If you were traveling and came into town, you would want to know where the general store and saloon where so you could get supplies and take the edge off and relax. Without these storefronts you would wander the streets clueless or would just continue traveling thinking that town had nothing to offer. Commercial establishments have been on ground level since the 18th and 19th centuries. They had residentially scaled doors and windows that were unrecognizable from surrounding houses. In rare cases,... ...lder store but can also detract from the visibility of the windows. Neon signs can be quiet effective since they are bright and grab your attention from a ways away. Neon comes in a variety of colors that can be used with your color scheme. Some people say that a neon open sign can be on of the most important features in a store’s window. You also want to check sign ordinances to see if you are allowed to place a sandwich board on the sidewalk between the curb and the store. Storefronts vary from region to region with Jackson Hole, WY being full of tourist merchandise and high prices. Gatlinburg, TN is also a tourist town with tons of attractions and high priced souvenir stores full of junk. Cody, WY had tons of rust old western looking stores and merchandise. Storefronts in larger cities were more modern and industrial looking with nicer clothing and jewelry shops.

Snowmobiling on Priest Mountain Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples

Snowmobiling on Priest Mountain In late May I never pictured myself carving a highmark on Priest Mountain. Priest Mountain is nestled on the east edge of the Grand Mesa National Forest. Deep sugary snow and feathery blue spruce trees cover the mountain and the area around. One fine day it occurred that I had the opportunity to carve my highmark and I still I have the mental image of my territory after that day. Even before that day, Priest has left a impression on me. Priest Mountain, for me, has been such a majestic riding area; IÃ ­ve been riding in this area for more than 10 years, and it is such a magical place to ride. On this one fine day, we had a typical Colorado snow storm.. I can recall this very trip to the wonderful Grand Mesa because my mom was sick and it was Mother's Day. She told me to go have fun, and that she'll wait until she feels better. My dad wanted to play in a golf tournament, but I wanted to go snowmobiling. We both agreed that he would play golf in the morning and once he was done, I would meet him in the parking lot on the mesa to go snowmobiling. My dad said, "Don't leave until I call you!" "Dad, just watching TV, I'll be here." I replied. The snow began to fall, and I could not control myself; so I just left. Jeff rode with me in the Power Stroke, and Alex rode with Justin in the Dodge. By the time I reached Cedaredge, I couldn't even see the sleds behind me because the snow was flying like crazy. I wondered why my dad was still playing golf in this weather, but that's my dad; he loves to play golf. The whistle of the turbo diesel and the classic rock was getting me pumped for the awesome ride to come. By the time we were on top of the mesa, there was one foot of new fluffy snow... ... halfway. Justin followed, he came down and told us to take the high side, there is less snow. I was ready; I hit the throttle and from the basin up, the ride seemed to last forever. I began to climb and my Yamaha screamed like a cat in a fight. I followed the backbone and kept climbing until I came out on top I arrived at the crest and quickly noticed the mountain top bowl lined with snow. I plowed through the snow up to the peak of the bowl; man, what a view from the top. I could see the guys down at the bottom and miles into the distance. I could almost see all of Delta County in one shot and it was magnificant. I had now conquered the mountain, Priest from now on feels like my place. This mountain will certainly be a part of me for the rest of my life. I'm sure I will travel to other places that will be beautiful, but nono of them will match Priest Mountain.

Kansas City Board of Trade :: essays papers

Kansas City Board of Trade The Kansas City Board of Trade is where buyers and sellers have the opportunity to trade commodities, this is commonly known as a Commodity Exchange. The Kansas City Board of Trade deals primarily with wheat but also deals with such commodities as natural gas. Many traders participate in what is known as hedging. Hedging is a process where traders can lock in a purchase or a sell price for the commodities in advance. The process is helps reduce the risks resulting from volatile pricing, The prices of the contracts are determined by supply and demand. The exchange provides a place where sellers try to optimize profits and buyers try to optimize utility(which will probably be profits for a finished good instead of the raw material). As a result of this the exchange does not set prices but instead gives a place for price negotiations. As a result of supply and demand; if there is more buyers than sellers the price of a commodity goes up. The opposite is also true if there are more sellers than buyers the price of the commodity goes down. The Kansas City Board of Trade affects everybody in an economic part of their life. Wheat, as the primary commodity, is used on almost every dinner table for almost every night, If the price of wheat goes up then the price to purchase the finished product also goes up. This will affect the purchasers' ability to rationalize and choose substitutes and replacements for the products. If the price of the commodity goes down, the result is the finished good is also cheaper to purchase. Families will then attempt to incorporate more bread and such into their diets possibly affecting demand for other products. The Kansas City Board of Trade is beneficial to the economy because it gives a starting point for price in the economy, My visit to the Kansas City Board of Trade proved very interesting. Although I personally saw no order of any kind to the chaos below, people ensured me there was a code.

Hplc

Analysis   and   Separation   of   Organic   Acids   in   White   Wine   Using   High  Performance  Liquid  Chromatography Atis,  Arnelson  Arwin  G. and  Gaitos,  Gerald  M. Institute  of  Chemistry,  University  of  the  Philippines,  Diliman,  Quezon  City   Performed:  December  9,  2011   Submitted:  December  15,  2011 RESULTS  AND  DISCUSSION   solutions   containing   increasing   amounts   of   the   organic   acid. These   solutions   were   contained   in   flasks   numbered   5,   6,   7,   8,   and   9. (Refer   to   the   Appendix   to   see   components   of   each   flask). Tables   2,   3,   4,   and   5   show  the  peak  areas  and  the  equation  of  the  calibration   curve   obtained   for   each   organic   acid   in   the   chromatograms  obtained  for  flasks  5  to  9. Table  2. Peak  Areas  of  Tartaric  Acid  in  Flasks  5,  6,  7,  8,   and  9   Flask   Retention   Peak  Area   Concentration   time  (min)   (g/L)   5   2. 863   491  364   0. 5   6   2. 905   918  187   1   7   3. 027   5  949  164   5   8   3. 044   8  363  261   8   9   3. 065   9  475  446   10   Calibration  Curve  Equation:  Ã‚   y  =  984  371. 3561x  +  216  064. 755   R2  =  0. 9912      Table  3. Peak  Areas  of  Malic  Acid  in  Flasks  5,  6,  7,  and   8   Flask   Retention   Peak  Area   Concentration   time  (min)   (g/L)   5   3. 02    159742   0. 5   6   3. 760   1  114  051   1   7   3. 756   4  892  727   5   8   3. 795   6  883  424   10   Calibration  Curve  Equation:  Ã‚   y  =  688  260. 8175x  +  475  029. 6892   R2  =  0. 9766      Table   4. Peak   Areas   of   Lactic   Acid   in   Flasks   5,   6,   7,   8,   and  9   Flask   Retention   Peak  Area   Concentration   time  (min)   (g/L)   5   3. 533   575  620   0. 1   6   3. 598   1  248  888   1   7   3. 621   3  762  922   2. 5 The   retention   times   of   different   organic   acids   commonly   found   in   white   wine   were   obtained   using   high   performance   liquid   chromatography. The   peak   areas   of   the   acids   were   then   obtained   through   chromatograms  and  plotted  against  the  concentrations   of   the standard   solutions   of   the   organic   acids   to   construct   a   calibration   curve. Finally,   the   calibration   curves   obtained   were   used   to   determine   the   concentration   of   the   organic   acids   in   samples   of   white   wine. Standard   solutions   of   various   organic   acids   commonly   found   in   white   wine   (tartaric,   malic,   lactic,   citric)   were   assigned   to   be   contained   in   flasks   1,   2,   3,   and   4,   respectively,   and   were   run   through   the   chromatograph. The  mobile  phase  used  for  the  analytes   was   H3PO4   at   pH   3,   to   prevent   dissociation   of   the   organic   acids. The   resulting   chromatograms   of   each   standard   were   then   analyzed   to   obtain   the   retention   times   of   the   organic   acids. Table   1   shows   the   experimental   retention   times   of   the   different   organic   acids. Table   1. Experimental   Retention   Times   of   Organic   Acids   Organic  Acid   Retention  Time  (min)   Tartaric  Ã‚   3. 088   Malic   3. 812   Lactic   3. 620   Citric   3. 68      Since   there   were   no   clear   peaks   from   the   chromatograms   obtained   for   the   tartaric,   malic,   and   lactic   acid   samples,   the   retention   time   at   which   the   peak   height   is   greatest   was   obtained   as   the   experimental  retention  time  of  the  organic  acids. The   experimental   retention   times   were   then   used   to   identify   the   peak   areas   corresponding   to   each   organic  acid  analyzed  in  the  resulting  chromatograms  of 8   3. 597   5  048  614   3   9   3. 619   6  519  896   5   Calibration  Curve  Equation:  Ã‚   y  =  1  300  341. 246x  +  414  396. 3089   R2  =  0. 9815      Table   5. Peak   Areas   of   Citric   Acid   in   Flasks   5,   6,   7,   8,   and  9   Flask   Retention   Peak  Area   Concentration   time  (min)   (g/L)   5   3. 140   361  921   0. 05   6   3. 208   907  232   0. 1   7   3. 306   4  736  427   0. 5   8   3. 325   7  508  481   0. 75   9   3. 347   9  612  454   1   Calibration  Curve  Equation:  Ã‚   y  =  9  836  731. 501x  +  96  328. 12036   R2  =  0. 9994      The   equations   of   the   calibration   curves   were   then   used   to   calculate   the   concentration   of   each   organic   acid   in   the   white   wine   samples. The   peak   area   corresponding   to   each   organic   acid   was   first   obtained,   and   substituted   in   the   calibration   curve   equation. The   concentration  of  each  acid  is  shown  in  Table  6. Table   6. Experimental   Concentration   of   Various Organic  Acids  in  White  Wine  Samples. Organic   Retention   Peak  Area   Concentration   Acid   Time  (min)   (g/L)   Tartaric  Ã‚   2. 966   2  675  651   2. 499   Malic   3. 752   3  576  021   4. 506   Lactic   3. 393   4  709  737   3. 303   Citric   3. 144   794  394   0. 091      The  results  indicate  that  malic  acid  is  the  major   component  of  white  wine. But  in  reality,  this  is  not  the   case. The  major  component  of  white  wine  is  found  to  be   tartaric  acid. The   chromatograms   (See   Appendix)   of   flasks   1   to   9,   and   of   the   sample   are   not   well   resolved. This   discrepancy   may   be   caused   by   several   factors. These   factors   include   poor   solution   preparation,   contamination  of  the  solvent  or  the  sample,  bubbles  in   the   detector,   impurities   in   the   mobile   phase,   bleeding   of  the  column,  inadequate  adjustment  of  equilibrium  in   gradient   operation,   and   carry? over   from   previous   injection. Due  to  these  factors,  it  is  highly  advised  that  the   future   researchers   should   cautiously   execute   each procedure   of   the   experiment   to   eliminate   the   discrepancy   and   accordingly,   they   could   attain   better   results. They   could   also   make   use   of   theoretical   retention  times  of  the  organic  acids  to  determine  each   of   them   and   which   could   further   help   the   future   researchers   to   analyze   the   wine   sample   more   efficiently. REFERENCE:      Meyer,  Veronika  R. Practical  High  Performance  Liquid  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Chromatography. 2nd  ed. 1993. England:  John  Ã‚   Wiley  &  Sons  Ltd. APPENDIX  Ã‚   Data  Sheets  Ã‚      Concentration  of  tartaric  acid  standard:  50. 0  g/L   Concentration  of  malic  acid  standard:  50. 0  g/L   Concentration  of  lactic  acid  standard:  25. 0  g/L   Concentration  of  citric  acid  standard:  5. 0  g/L   Composition  of  Flasks  1? 9   Volume  of  standard  stock  solutions  (in  mL)      Retention  Time  Measurement   Calibrat ion  Curve   Flask  #   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   Tartaric  Acid   5. 00   0. 00   0. 00   0. 00   0. 25 0. 50 2. 50 4. 00 Malic  Acid   0. 00   7. 50   0. 00   0. 00   0. 10 0. 50 2. 50 5. 00 Lactic  Acid   0. 00   0. 00   5. 00   0. 00   0. 10 1. 00 2. 50 3. 00 Citric  Acid   0. 00   0. 00   0. 00   5. 00   0. 25 0. 50 2. 50 3. 75 9   5. 00 7. 50 5. 00 5. 00 *Chromatograms  of  flasks  1? 9  and  of  the  white  wine  sample  can  be  seen  in  the  remaining  pages  after  this.